Estimation of bacterioplankton activity in Tasmanian coastal waters and between Tasmania and Antarctica using stains

Davidson, Andrew T.; Thomson, Paul; Westwood, Karen J.; Enden, Rick van den

doi:10.3354/ame037033

Cited by 19 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition, the use of total bacteria presupposes that they are uniformly active and, thus, large numbers of inactive bacteria could mask the correlation between active bacteria and the substrate that supports them. Indeed, previous studies (Davidson et al 2004, Pearce et al 2007) have shown low fractions of active bacteria in the Southern Ocean. Hence, the unique consideration of the active fraction of the bacterial community could lead to a tighter relationship (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the relationship between active bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean

Ortega−Retuerta¹,

Reche²,

Pulido-Villena³

et al. 2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Bacterioplankton are a heterogenous community composed of cells with different physiological states. The consideration of the active fraction of bacterioplankton as a potential factor affecting the strength of the relationship between bacteria and phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean was evaluated in waters around the Antarctic Peninsula. We estimated active bacterioplankton from uptake of 3 H-Leucine (bacterial production [BP]) and using vital stains to estimate their proportion within the total bacterioplankton community, based on their relative nucleic acid content (high [HNA] vs. low [LNA]), and by nucleic acid double staining (NADS), based on their membrane permeability. Then we performed a comparative analysis between total and active bacterioplankton and chlorophyll a (chl a) in this area. Staining with NADS suggested that 61% of all bacteria were viable, a higher proportion of the total bacterial community than previously reported for the Southern Ocean. HNA bacteria comprised 45% of all bacteria, indicating that 16% of bacteria may be viable but with LNA. BP was more strongly related to abundance of LNA cells than NADS-viable or HNA bacteria. The relationship between chl a and bacterial abundance (BA) did not increase when considering the abundance of HNA or NADS-viable cells alone, showing that viability/activity of stains did not enhance the linkage between BA and phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean. In contrast, the relationship between chl a and BP was stronger than those reported in the literature, suggesting that, in this region, BP is closely dependent on phytoplankton.KEY WORDS: Active bacteria · NADS · HNA · LNA · Bacterial production · Chlorophyll a · Southern OceanResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the relationship between active bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean

Ortega−Retuerta¹,

Reche²,

Pulido-Villena³

et al. 2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…For example, the photosynthetic bacterium Prochlorococcus was efficiently removed (up to 88%), whereas non-photosynthetic bacteria that were essentially of the same size and shape were retained in null to very low efficiencies. The majority (90 to 95%) of the non-photosynthetic bacteria in the oligotrophic waters at our study site were CTC negative, indicating dead, inactive, starved, or growth-arrested cells (see Davidson et al 2004 for a review and contrasting data). Such bacteria are less preferred by protozoan grazers (delGiorgio et al 1996, Jürgens & Matz 2002.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ evidence for pre-capture qualitative selection in the tropical bivalve Lithophaga simplex

Yahel¹,

Marie²,

Beninger³

et al. 2009

Aquat. Biol.

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Few feeding studies have been performed on tropical bivalves, and in situ feeding studies are lacking altogether. We investigated retention efficiencies for natural particles in the coralboring tropical mytilid Lithophaga simplex. Using the in situ InEx technique (Yahel et al. 2005; Limnol Oceanogr Methods 3:46-58) SCUBA divers collected samples from the water inhaled and exhaled by undisturbed bivalves at the coral reef of Eilat (Gulf of Aqaba). Particle retention efficiencies were determined using flow cytometry analysis of the paired water samples. The photosynthetic bacterium Synechococcus (0.9 ± 0.1 μm) and larger eukaryotic algae (1 to 10 μm) were preferentially retained by the bivalve with removal efficiencies of up to 90% (1996 to 2000: averages of 69 ± 14% and 60 ± 17%, respectively, n = 74 individual bivalves). The minute photosynthetic bacterium Prochlorococcus (0.4 ± 0.1 μm) was also moderately retained (41 ± 19%). Only a small proportion of the non-photosynthetic bacteria (0.3 ± 0.1 μm) were retained (5 ± 18%, median of 9%), despite their numerical dominance in the plankton and considerable size overlap with Prochlorococcus. Sizeindependent preferential retention was also observed within particle types: (1) L. simplex more efficiently retained Prochlorococcus and picoeukaryotic algal cells with higher chlorophyll content and (2) the small fraction of non-photosynthetic bacteria retained did not differ in size, but had higher nucleic acid content (compared to the inhaled population) an indicator for viable and active bacteria. We conclude that particle retention is not strictly size-dependent in L. simplex, and probably involves other cell attributes such as cell surface properties and/or motility.

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“…Cells that reduce sufficient CTC to be scored as ETS-active are considered to be undergoing oxidative metabolism and capable of growth. Although some fraction of active cells may be misrepresented by the CTC assay, there is general agreement that this technique is useful to determine the most active cells in a natural population (Sherr et al 2001, Davidson et al 2004, Gasol & Arístegui 2007. CTC-staining of bacteria in seawater has typically ranged from 2 to 10% (Gasol et al 1995, Sherr et al 1999, Sherr et al 2002, Longnecker et al 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenanthridinium derivative PI is one of the most common impermeant or 'dead cell stains', but has been used at varying concentrations in the literature (see Davidson et al 2004). For the viability component of the mVSP, we followed the guidelines of Williams et al (1998) who developed the protocol and suggested staining at 0.2 µg ml -1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of stains and probes are now available that provide insight into the level of single-cell activity; these techniques target a number of properties associated with cellular physiology such as membrane integrity, specific enzyme activity, ribosomal RNA content and cellular reducing potential (Howard-Jones et al 2001). Single-cell analyses provide a high degree of experimental resolution, but there is currently no consensus regarding the validity of these methods (Smith & del Giorgio 2003), or even which are the most reliable (Joux & Lebaron 2000, Howard-Jones et al 2001, Davidson et al 2004. Importantly, it is becoming evident that bacterial communities can exhibit a range of physiological states including viable non-culturable, dormant and active.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High single-cell metabolic activity in Antarctic sea ice bacteria

Martin

Hall²,

O’Toole³

et al. 2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Antarctic sea ice bacteria have historically been examined by techniques that measure bulk community properties. In recognition of the complexity of microbial community structure and function, methods are now available to assess the physiological status of individual bacterial cells. We employed 3 assays: Nucleic Acid Double Staining (NADS), modified Vital Stain and Probe (mVSP) and 5-cyano-2, 3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) to (1) quantify the cell-specific metabolic status of bacteria present in the bottom of Antarctic fast-ice and (2) determine whether physiological probes can be used to quantify short-term changes in bacterial metabolic activity. Each assay was used in manipulative experiments (< 8 h) conducted on bacteria from melted ice cores with dark/light (5 µmol photons m -2 s -1 ) and the presence/absence of microalgae (filtered, unfiltered samples) as treatment variables. Estimates of cell viability (intact membranes) were > 68% (NADS) and > 95% (mVSP) of the post-incubation cell count. High cellular rRNA content was observed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation with an average of 80% of DAPI-stained cells hybridising with the general bacterial probe EUB338 (mVSP). An average of 32% of the bacterial cells were undergoing active respiration (CTC+) which is significantly higher than the 2 to 10 % level of activity typical for most marine systems. The short-term effect of incubation irradiance or manipulation of microalgal photosynthate was not significant for any assay. Single-cell analysis of melted ice cores suggests that sea ice is among the most productive microbial habitats, while CTC is favoured for establishing a real-time bacterial response in the sea ice ecosystem.KEY WORDS: Sea ice bacteria · Antarctica · Activity · Viability · Physiological probes Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Estimation of bacterioplankton activity in Tasmanian coastal waters and between Tasmania and Antarctica using stains

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Exploring the relationship between active bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean

Exploring the relationship between active bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean

In situ evidence for pre-capture qualitative selection in the tropical bivalve Lithophaga simplex

High single-cell metabolic activity in Antarctic sea ice bacteria

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