Estimation of Plasma Small Dense LDL Cholesterol From Classic Lipid Measures

Srisawasdi, Pornpen; Chaloeysup, Sirirat; Teerajetgul, Yaovalak; Pocathikorn, Anothai; Sukasem, Chonlaphat; Vanavanan, Somlak; Kroll, Martin H.

doi:10.1309/ajcplhjbgg9l3ils

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The predictive value of non-HDL-C for cardiovascular risk and mortality is better than that of LDL-C [25]. The strong association between non-HDL-C and sdLDL-C adds additional support for using the non-HDL-C level as a predictor of CVD mortality [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The result of our study shows a significantly increased Non-HDL-C in Diabetes Mellitus patients (4.3 ± 0.2) when compared with non-diabetes (1.2 ± 0.2).The cut-off value for non HDL-c is 130 mg/dl (3.3 mmol/l) which shows that Diabetes Mellitus patients has a higher risk of cardiovascular disease [8]. Non-HDL-C has been observed to have the strongest relationship with small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) levels when compared with other lipid measurement [24]. The predictive value of non-HDL-C for cardiovascular risk and mortality is better than that of LDL-C [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Em¹,

Ha²,

Es³

2015

Trop Med Surg

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Em¹,

Ha²,

Es³

2015

Trop Med Surg

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show abstract

“…Serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (HR Series NEFA-HR (Golay et al, 1984)-Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Richmond, VA), total cholesterol, triacylglycerol levels, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity were determined by enzymatic methods (Labtest 1 , Lagoa Santa, MG, Brazil) (Srisawasdi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Aerobic Exercise and Rosiglitazone Avoided the NAFLD and Liver Inflammation Exacerbated in PPAR‐α Knockout Mice

Batatinha

Lima

Teixeira

et al. 2016

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main liver diseases today, and may progress to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Some studies have shown the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on reversing NAFLD. To verify whether chronic aerobic exercise improves the insulin resistance, liver inflammation, and steatohepatitis caused by a high fat diet (HF) and whether PPARα is involved in these actions. C57BL6 wild type (WT) and PPAR-α knockout (KO) mice were fed with a standard diet (SD) or HF during 12 weeks; the HF mice were trained on a treadmill during the last 8 weeks. Serum glucose and insulin tolerances, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic content of triacylglycerol, cytokines, gene expression, and protein expression were evaluated in all animals. Chronic exposure to HF diet increased triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver, leading to NAFLD, increased aminotransferase in the serum, increased peripheral insulin resistance, and higher adiposity index. Exercise reduced all these parameters in both animal genotypes. The liver lipid accumulation was not associated with inflammation; trained KO mice, however, presented a huge inflammatory response that was probably caused by a decrease in PPAR-γ expression. We conclude that exercise improved the damage caused by a HF independently of PPARα, apparently by a peripheral fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscle. We also found that the absence of PPARα together with exercise leads to a decrease in PPAR-γ and a huge inflammatory response. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1008-1019, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…The basis for this equation is that in a fasting sample most cholesterol is either in LDL, HDL or VLDL; therefore, one can calculate LDL-C by subtracting HDL-C and VLDL-C from TC. When concentration units are in mg/dl, the term TG /5 provides an estimate of VLDL-C [8, 9]. Although it is only an approximation, the Friedewald equation is still commonly used for estimating LDL-C, because of the extra cost involved in performing dlDL-C assays and because of the lack of specificity of some dlDL-C assays, particularly in patients with dyslipidemias [10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of four different equations for calculating LDL-C with eight different direct HDL-C assays

Oliveira

Deventer

Bachmann

et al. 2013

Clinica Chimica Acta

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Background Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is often calculated (cLDL-C) by the Friedewald equation, which requires high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Because there have been considerable changes in the measurement of HDLC with the introduction of direct assays, several alternative equations have recently been proposed. Methods We compared 4 equations (Friedewald, Vujovic, Chen, and Anandaraja) for cLDL-C, using 8 different direct HDL-C (dHDL-C) methods. LDL-C values were calculated by the 4 equations and determined by the quantification reference method procedure in 164 subjects. Results For normotriglyceridemic samples (TG < 200mg/dl), between 6.2 to 24.8% of all results exceeded the total error goal of 12% for LDL-C, depending on the dHDL-C assay and cLDL-C equation used. Friedewald equation was found to be the optimum equation for most but not all dHDL-C assays, typically leading to less than 10% misclassification of cardiovascular risk based on LDL-C. Hypertriglyceridemic samples (>200 mg/dl) showed a large cardiovascular risk misclassification rate (30 - 50%) for all combinations of dHDL-C assays and cLDL-C equations. Conclusion Friedewald equation showed the best performance for estimating LDL-C, but its accuracy varied considerably depending on the specific dHDL-C assay used. None of the cLDLC equations performed adequately for hypertriglyceridemic samples.

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Estimation of Plasma Small Dense LDL Cholesterol From Classic Lipid Measures

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Association Between Aerobic Exercise and Rosiglitazone Avoided the NAFLD and Liver Inflammation Exacerbated in PPAR‐α Knockout Mice

Evaluation of four different equations for calculating LDL-C with eight different direct HDL-C assays

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