Estimation of the content of ground granulated blast furnace slag and different pozzolanas in hardened concrete

Pfingsten, Johannes; Lipus, K.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.065

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Despite of that, progress in PONCKS analysis has also been reported for quantification of SCMs such as fly ashes, slags and calcined clays [115][116][117]. Alternatively, amorphous SCMs in cement blends may be studied by SEM backscattered electron (BSE) image analysis with EDS element mapping [118][119][120] or solid-state NMR spectroscopy [19,121,122]. For example, the elemental compositions of fly ashes, measured by SEM-EDS analysis of around 20.000 particles, were plotted into Ca-Al-Si ternary frequency plots by Durdzinski et al [119], which allowed identification of four main groups of silicate phases with different Ca and Al contents.…”

Section: Assessing Scm Reactivity In Blended Cementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement blends

Skibsted

Snellings

2019

Cement and Concrete Research

593

152

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Section: Assessing Scm Reactivity In Blended Cementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement blends

Skibsted

Snellings

2019

Cement and Concrete Research

593

152

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“…At the same time, the silica content was low. The chemical composition of the GGBS and AL was determined and the results are presented in Tables 4 and 5 [36][37][38][39] were compared with the GGBS and AL used in this investigation. The calcium oxide in our materials was low compared to the other studies.…”

Section: Characterization Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Evaluation of Eco-Friendly, Ambient-Cured, Geopolymer-Based Bricks Using Industrial By-Products

Subramani¹,

Venkataraman²

2023

Buildings

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Geopolymer-based sustainable red mud bricks (SRMBs) were cast using industrial by-products under ambient curing. The ingredients used were red mud, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and alccofine, along with quarry dust and alkali activators as binders. This paper briefly presents the characterization, strength and durability studies conducted on SRMBs. The optimization techniques were used to fix the right mix proportions. The optimized mix proportion was identified as R45F40G10A05: 45% red mud, 40% fly ash, 10% ground granulated blast furnace slag and 5% alccofine. The compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of the ambient-cured specimens after 28 days were observed as 35.38 MPa, 6.4 MPa and 1.67 MPa, respectively. The results were analysed and validated by the finite element method using Analysis of Systems (ANSYS) software. The percentage of water absorption in the SRMBs was less than 6%, and it was an entirely efflorescence-free product with a pleasing appearance and colour. Fifty percent of the targeted compressive strength was acquired after three days of ambient curing. SRMBs are a green product casted by encapsulating industrial by-products into a functional building element. Thus, SRMBs are a suitable and alternative product to conventional clay burnt bricks.

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“…Moreover, the ratios of SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 and CaO, as well as the Ca/(Si + Al) value, reflect its potential as an SCM and reveal differences in the pozzolanic reactivity and hydration activity. By analyzing the data presented in Table 3 , the ranges of the SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 , CaO, and Ca/(Si + Al) of LS in comparison with C, FA, GGBS, SS, and SF were determined, as are shown in Figure 2 [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. From this comprehensive analysis, it is evident that the composition of SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 , CaO, and Ca/(Si + Al) in the relevant literature exhibits considerable variations, thereby falling within the specified ranges of 17.7–97.6%, 2.2–62.9%, and 0.02–1.94%, respectively.…”

Section: Physiochemical and Microscopic Analysis Of Lsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Cementitious and Geopolymer Composites with Lithium Slag Incorporation

Gou,

Rupasinghe,

Sofi

et al. 2023

Materials

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This study critically reviews lithium slag (LS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), thereby examining its physiochemical characteristics, mechanical properties, and durability within cementitious and geopolymer composites. The review reveals that LS’s particle size distribution is comparable to fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which suggests it can enhance densification and nucleation in concrete. The mechanical treatment of LS promotes early hydration by increasing the solubility of aluminum, lithium, and silicon. LS’s compositional similarity to FA endows it with low-calcium, high-reactivity properties that are suitable for cementitious and geopolymeric applications. Increasing the LS content reduces setting times and flowability while initially enhancing mechanical properties, albeit with diminishing returns beyond a 30% threshold. LS significantly improves chloride ion resistance and impacts drying shrinkage variably. This study categorizes LS’s role in concrete as a filler, pozzolan, and nucleation agent, thereby contributing to the material’s overall reduced porosity and increased durability. Economically, LS’s cost is substantially lower than FA’s; meanwhile, its environmental footprint is comparable to GGBS, thereby making it a sustainable and cost-effective alternative. Notwithstanding, there is a necessity for further research on LS’s fine-tuning through grinding, its tensile properties, its performance under environmental duress, and its pozzolanic reactivity to maximize its utility in concrete technologies. This study comprehensively discusses the current strengths and weaknesses of LS in the field of building materials, thereby offering fresh perspectives and methodologies to enhance its performance, improve its application efficiency, and broaden its scope. These efforts are driving the sustainable and green development of LS in waste utilization and advanced concrete technology.

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Estimation of the content of ground granulated blast furnace slag and different pozzolanas in hardened concrete

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement blends

Reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement blends

Synthesis and Evaluation of Eco-Friendly, Ambient-Cured, Geopolymer-Based Bricks Using Industrial By-Products

A Review on Cementitious and Geopolymer Composites with Lithium Slag Incorporation

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