Estimation of the functions of kidney and liver in the infected COVID-19 patients

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the respiratory system diseases with unknown etiology and clinical characteristics. Defects in the liver and kidneys appear to be common in Covid-19 patients. Aspartate transaminase (AST) enzyme, Urea, creatinine, and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme levels are frequently exalted at the start or within the infection. This pretext suggests that Covid-19 interferes with the functions of the liver and kidneys. The current study was aimed to estimate the biochemical biomarkers changes that related to liver and kidney functions, such as ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine, in infected patients. 50 patients were diagnosed with infected between May 1 and 1 August 2020, in Dayala Hospital. 100 samples included 50 control and 50 infected were carried out to evalute the level of biochemical biomarkers (the plasma urea, creatinine, ALT and AST).The results showed increased of ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine levels in the infected samples compare with the control samples. The mean serum kidney parameter (Urea, creatinine ) levels were 57.84±10.46, 1.61±0.18respectively, while the mean value of serum liver enzyme (AST, ALT) levels were 41.94±4.59 and 42.54±4.45, respectively, with high significant different (P<0.001) with control healthy group.

Evaluation of lipid profile in postmenopausal breast cancer patients and its association with serum level of thyroid hormones, vitamin D and estrogen

“…Hall et al, in 2008, show that in BC cell lines, T3 may foster the conditions for tumor proliferation; thus, T3 may play a role in the development and progression of BC. Also, thyroid hormones are essential for lipid metabolism regulation, therefore, thyroid dysfunction is usually associated with dyslipidemia (27). Thyroid hormones activate 3-hydroxy-3methylglutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the first step in the production of cholesterol (28).…”

Candida species associated with urinary tract infections

“…Because of this, the majority of nucleic acid-based systems begin the identification procedure by amplifying fungal DNA using PCR techniques. Selecting the right DNA targets and PCR primers is necessary before PCR amplification can take place (Guiver et al, 2001;Salman et al, 2022). It is possible to generate a employing a single set of PCR primers and conditions that are optimal for that set of primers, PCR products from all Candida species can be produced., which is the fundamental benefit of employing amplification targets from DNA sections that are conserved across all Candida species (Coignard et al, 2004).…”