Estimation the Factors Affecting on Growth of Algae in Um El-Naaj Lake by Using Remote Sensing Techniques

Abstract

Epiphytic algae adherent to aquatic plants are an essential link in the composition of the food chain of any ecosystem. Epiphytic algae act as primary producers of the food chain in the aquatic ecosystem and as natural food for herbivorous zooplankton and fish. This study aimed to detect the presence of algae colonies through remote sensing and to analyze factors that affect the growth of algae through field survey and visual interpretation of satellite images in Lake Um El-Naaj. Samples were collected from six locations on Lake Um El-Naaj from November 2018 to June 2019. The algae samples were collected from submerged parts of emerging aquatic plants (aquatic macrophytes Phragmites australis) and stored in plastic bags with little ambient water and solutions for preservation in the field and the laboratory. Water samples were collected to study the nutritional factors that influence the growth of algae, including the concentration of Phosphate, Nitrate, and Silica (silicon dioxide). The results showed that the values of total phosphorus increased by 1.0, 0.9, and 0.8 mg/L, in January, in places 2, 5, and 6, respectively. The highest nitrate value was 11.2 mg/L in December at site 5, while the lowest concentration values were in November (2.2 mg/L at site 6 and 3.7 mg/L at site 4). Besides, the lowest silicate concentration was 0.4 mg/L in November at site 2, while the highest was 2.4 mg/L in June 2019 at site 6. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that, during the winter, the water level increased due to the rain. For this reason, nutrient concentrations were low during the last period. Also, with the use of maps and remote sensing techniques, it is possible to determine the expected values around the station's location as future predictive readings that compensate for the difficulty of reaching these areas.

Use of Epiphytic Diatoms in Cyperus Papyrus L. As Bioindicators in the Assessment of the Health of the Upper Euphrates River Between the Haditha Dam and Al-Baghdadi, Iraq

“…The pH values showed no significant local variation , because the lowest mean was 7.5 at site I and the highest mean was 7.8 at site II . The reason for the slight variations in the sites of the current study may be attributed to the Euphrates River having a high buffer capacity and a light alkalinity [ 20 ] . The values of the EC showed clear site variations, where the lowest rate of 639 µ.S / cm was recorded in site VI and the highest rate of 1127 µ.S / cm recorded in site III .…”

Spatial Analysis of Relative Humidity and Its Effect on Baghdad City for The Years 2008, 2013 and 2018

“…They are imaginary lines that follow the color gamut of area density (relative humidity concentration) and represent the boundaries of each gradient; the values of moisture concentrations are shown in Figure 11 [34], and they are arranged to ascend or descend on the manner of the interpolation technique [35]. The period can be determined experimentally according to the number of absolute values of relative humidity [36], as shown in Figure .11.…”

Monitoring the Water Quality of the Tigris River and Producing Maps to Determine the Locations of Turbidity in the Water for the Year 2022 in Baghdad Governorate

“…The other type is chemical pollution and is considered one of the most dangerous types of pollution because, it occurs due to the entry of toxic and dangerous substances into water bodies, such as phosphates, pesticides, and sulfur, and these pollutants are often invisible as they do not affect the shape and color of the water, so the user cannot identify them except after taking samples and analyzing them in a laboratory, so they are very dangerous. So the use of modern technologies, including remote sensing technology, in the study of water pollution and the pursuit of combating the causes of pollution is to save humanity from a series of dangerous diseases caused by polluted water, such as typhoid, cholera, bilharzia, and others [25,26].…”