Estrés, ansiedad, depresión y apoyo familiar en universitarios mexicanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract

Objetivo: Identificar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión presentes en los universitarios durante la pandemia en relación con el apoyo que brinda la familia. Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra (n=105), fueron estudiantes de la facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Veracruzana; se obtuvo a través de un muestreo no-probabilístico a conveniencia. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un instrumento digital (Google Forms). Las variables se midieron utilizando la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) y el Inventario de Percepción de Apoyo Familiar (IPAF). Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y la prueba de correlación de Spearman.Resultados: Los resultados evidencian que no existe una asociación entre las variables estudiadas r=-0.192, n=105, p=0.134., pero si existe depresión (85.8%), ansiedad (84%) y estrés (77.4%) en los estudiantes, aunque se presenta de forma leve y un nivel medio bajo de apoyo familiar (afecto 61.3%, adaptabilidad 62.3% y autonomía 40.6%).Conclusión: Los trastornos por ansiedad, estrés y depresión afectan gradualmente diversas esferas de actuación personal de los estudiantes, por lo cual una intervención oportuna y preventiva es relevante.

Family functioning, depression, anxiety and stress, in time of pandemic, in university men and women of the UAEH

“…In these social strata, the number of infections and deaths are higher and therefore cause a greater impact on the population. Regarding the perceived family functioning, a divergence is identified with what was obtained by Estrada (2010) (cited by Pérez, López and de León, 2022), United Nations Fund for Children Argentina (2020), United Nations Fund for Children Mexico (2020) and Pérez et al (2021) in their analysis of families during periods of confinement, in these a deterioration of family relationships was observed as a result of confinement or the increase in conflicts; while, the results obtained in the present investigation reveal that students perceive family relationships as moderately functional, however, in other contexts and taking into account the perception of family functioning from parents, it can be observed that they usually see the dynamics family as functional, where there is correct communication, cohesion and displays of affection, as mentioned by Vargas, Villafaña, Moysén and Eguiluz (2019) in their study on suicide, where then, the family is evidenced as a means of Extremely important social support in traumatic situations such as suicide attempts and health crises. Regarding the contrast between the groups of men and women, the data obtained show us that there are statistically significant differences for the anxiety and stress variables in these groups, which is also reflected in the studies carried out by Galindo et al (2020); González, Tejeda, Espinoza and Ontiveros (2020); Orellana and Orellana (2020), who indicate that the symptoms related to these variables are predominant in women, largely due to the overload of activities that this group usually has and the social expectations that are placed on them in terms of compliance with their gender role, which is why women tend to present more intense symptoms of anxiety and stress compared to men, who tend to have a mild expression of these symptoms.…”

“…However, in the same way, it can generate problems that destabilize the members. In Mexico, in a study carried out by Pérez et al (2021) on family support, depression, anxiety, and stress in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic we are currently experiencing, there are no significant correlations between these variables; however, the results show that students perceive little family support, since displays of affection and adaptability and autonomy skills within the family are seen as insufficient, and therefore they do not perceive the family as a support network; In addition, these individuals present mild symptoms when faced with the variables of depression, anxiety, and stress. In other crises, such as a suicide attempt, it is possible to analyze how family functioning is perceived in a System; In a study carried out by Vargas, Villafaña, Moysén, and Eguiluz (2019), from the perspective of the parents, it was found that, despite the situation experienced, they perceived the family environment as functional, standing out in aspects such as affective involvement, communication, and problem-solving; this even though children with suicidal incidence reported chaotic family dynamics; In this way, it is possible to observe that, although families may have a support function in crises and contingencies, they may also become risk factors for presenting conflicts or dysfunctional emotional symptoms.…”

Pandemia COVID-19: consecuencias de la sobreexposición al uso de tecnologías de la Información y comunicación

“…Sólo se encontró un estudio sobre el uso problemático de las TIC en adolescentes 5 y su relación con la salud. A pesar de que existen estudios que abordan la salud mental en estudiantes mexicanos durante la pandemia, se han enfocado únicamente en universitarios y no han abordado la comparación entre la situación previa a la pandemia y durante la misma 6,7,8,9 .…”

Salud mental en la educación superior en el período de post-pandemia de covid-19

“…La salud mental es un tema cada vez más relevante en el campo académico, con un enfoque particular en la educación superior. El estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión se han consolidado como problemáticas recurrentes entre los estudiantes, y esto se atribuye en gran parte a la presión constante que enfrentan para mantenerse a la par de los elevados estándares académicos (6). Este escenario puede conllevar a la inestabilidad en la salud mental de los estudiantes, desencadenando una serie de consecuencias que repercuten en toda la comunidad estudiantil.…”