Estrogenic Activity Assessment of Environmental Chemicals Using in Vitro Assays: Identification of Two New Estrogenic Compounds

Comparative analysis of estrogenic activity in sewage treatment plant effluents involving three in vitro assays and chemical analysis of steroids

“…Several comparison studies that use different in vitro assays for the detection of estrogenic activity have been carried out [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. With the exception of the studies reported by Murk et al [11] and Balaguer et al [17], all these studies have focused on the estrogenic activity of pure chemicals.…”

The adverse effect of the herbicide atrazine on the reproduction in the intertidal varunid crab Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851)

“…However, little is known about the effects of pesticides on the hormonal 80 regulation of reproduction in N. granulata or other crustacean species[15, 16]. Atrazine has 81 shown to act as a xenoestrogen both in vitro[17,18] and in vivo[19, 20]. In crustaceans, 82 atrazine antagonizes the effect of juvenoid hormones[21], and alters sexual differentiation in 83Daphnia sp[22].…”

Hormones: Epigenetic Contributors to Gender‐Biased Autoimmunity

“…Although several studies suggest effects of these chemicals on development and tissue-specific responses the mechanisms of action are not well understood. Xenobiotics, and specifically xeno-oestrogens, may disrupt normal endocrine function because they can bind to ERs and either inhibit or enhance ER action [101,102]. Treatment of female (NZB/NZW) F 1 mice with chlordecone accelerates the rate of SLE development [103].…”

“…The study from Lascombe et al [101] shows that certain xenobiotics tested in vitro are not able to interact with steroid receptor co-activator-1 (SRC-1). However, the test agents were able to drive ER-mediated transcription of a luciferase reporter gene transfected into MCF-7 cells, and these chemicals displaced oestradiol from the ligand-binding site, suggesting that the xeno-oestrogens were functional.…”