Estrutura de prática na aprendizagem do golpe de Judô o soto gari: foco no kuzuzhi

Abstract

The judo contest has a dual feature, when the fighters try to throw each other, so that the environment is constantly changing. The Judo throwing techniques are consisted of three parts, the kuzushi (unbalance), the tsukuri (preparation) and kake (finishing), which must be performed in that sequence. The execution of each part influences the execution of the subsequent part. Thus, to let the opponent unbalanced (kuzushi) is essential for the successful implementation of the next parts. During the fight, to unbalance the opponent, it is common mutual displacements of push and pull movements, which can be called pre-kuzushi displacements. Considering that the kuzushi is crucial to the success of the throwing technique, and that pre-kuzushi displacements facilitate the effective occurrence of kuzushi, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the practice organization in learning pre-kuzushi displacements. Initially two experiments were carried out using the o soto gari technique: the first experiment with beginners and the second with participants not beginners (experience between three and six months of practice). Each experiment was composed by three groups: the constant practice group (Co), which performed the o soto gari technique with only one pre-kuzushi displacement; the blocked varied practice group (Bl), which practiced three possible pre-kuzushi displacements varying every ten trials; and random varied practice group (Al), which practiced three possible pre-kuzushi displacements at random. The experimental design consisted of three phases: Pre-test (3 tries), Acquisition (250 attempts) and Retention Test (3 tries, a week after the last day of Acquisition). The movement patterns were analyzed using recorded videos, considering the total configuration of the throwing technique, the prekuzushi displacements and the kuzushi concerning motor action and effect. In the Experiment 1 (beginners) Co showed superior results to the groups with practice variability (Bl and Al) in the pre-kuzushi displacements that was the aspect manipulated in the practice organization, and it was the only group to present progress in the effect of kuzushi. In the Experiment 2 (not beginners) the groups with practice variability (Al and Bl) were superior to Co in pre-kuzushi displacement; Al was superior to Co in relation to the motor action of kuzushi and only the variability of practice groups (AI and BI) showed improvement in the effect of kuzushi. Based on the results of Experiments 1 and 2 it was conducted a third experiment, adding a new experimental group to the three groups of Experiment 1-CoAl (constant-random group) that practiced 50% initial acquisition trials constantly and the remaining 50% randomly. The results showed superiority of CoAl compared to all other groups (Co, Al and Bl) in the retention test for total configuration of the throwing technique. It was concluded that the constant practice or previous experience before the variable practice is important in learning pre-kuzushi displacements that influ...

40 anos da Pós-graduação da EEFE-USP: a sua contribuição para o avanço do conhecimento sobre o comportamento motor humano

“…Também foi mostrado que o efeito da interferência contextual não é dependente da interação entre as di culdades funcional e nominal da tarefa, isto é, da experiência do praticante e da complexidade da tarefa [50][51] e, tampouco, do intervalo de aplicação do teste de retenção 52 . Entretanto, foi mostrado que em situação real de ensino-aprendizagem, no caso, habilidades motoras do judô, a sua aquisição é bene ciada pela combinação das práticas constante seguida de variada aleatória em comparação às práticas constante, variada por blocos e variada aleatória 53 . Ainda nesse contexto, foi mostrado que a prática próxima das condições reais de luta é mais e caz para a aprendizagem do que a prática que prioriza partes isoladas das habilidades motoras 54 .…”

Efeito da meta de aprendizagem na aquisição do golpe de Judô o soto gari

“…Isto significa que as técnicas do Judô necessitam ser ajustadas em resposta às situações inesperadas provocadas pelo oponente. Desta forma, no processo deGomes (2016) ressalta que o kuzushi não implica apenas a execução do movimento de desequilibrar o oponente (ação motora do kuzushi), mas assegurar que ele fique de fato em situação de desequilíbrio (efeito do kuzushi). Em um contexto de luta, deixar o oponente efetivamente desequilibrado pode ser logrado por meio de movimentos específicos, ou seja, os deslocamentos pré-kuzushi (GOMES, 2007).…”