Etching-controlled preparation of large-area fractal graphene by low-pressure CVD on polycrystalline Cu substrate

Fractal Analysis on Surface Topography of Thin Films: A Review

“…FD is a measure of surface irregularities and discontinuities. Fractal analysis can be associated with cluster size [73][74][75]86], deposition state [37,63,76], topography [69,88], material composition estimations [99] and other parameters to obtain more objective results than the traditional roughness characterization, which is favorable for further interpreting the growth mechanism of thin film surfaces [68,79,83,100]. The specific value and variation trend of FD can play an important role in the comparative investigations of thin films under different conditions.…”

Graphene-based crown-cork-like macrostructures

“…This process can generate graphene samples having large areas with good reproducibility and can also produce single-layer graphene exhibiting exceptional electrical properties. [25][26][27] There have also been reports of graphene deposition using Cu-Ni alloy, 28 Ni 29 and Fe [30][31][32] substrates. Using these substrates, planar multilayer graphene comprising two or more layers can be grown because the solubility of C in these metals is higher than that in pure Cu.…”

“…[29][30][31] In the case of a typical CVD process employed in conjunction with various metal surfaces, the graphene thickness will vary depending on the substrate material and deposition conditions, although the resulting graphene will typically grow parallel to the surface in all cases. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Recently, direct CVD growth of graphene on dielectric and semiconducting substrates has also been reported. 33,34 Fe has long been one of the most important metals used by humans and as such has been intensively studied.…”

“…Graphene growth on planar Fe substrates has been shown to generate multilayer graphene that grows parallel to the Fe surface, [30][31][32] which is consistent with the growth morphology formed on other metal surfaces. [25][26][27][28][29] However, the growth of CNT on Fe nanoparticles causes the C-plane of the graphene to grow vertically. 39 In this scenario, solid-state reactions of C atoms inside the Fe nanoparticles are thought to play an important role in the CNT formation process.…”

The fractal geometry of polymeric materials surfaces: surface area and fractal length scales

“…Nanostructures, metamaterials, and hierarchical structures have attracted a great deal of attention due to their applications in a variety of fields such as sensors, 1,2 photoelectronic devices, 3 catalysis, 4,5 water splitting, 6 and energy, [7][8][9][10][11][12] just to name a few. Indeed, multiscale structures are one of the dominant themes in current experimental studies, 13,14 which include Nature-inspired designs for the manufacture of new hierarchical nanostructures, [15][16][17] and the fabrication of promising composite materials.…”