“…4,5 In recent years, metal halide perovskites have been a hotspot in semiconductor materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, easy processing capability, tunable bandgaps, and high tolerance to defects. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have shown remarkable progress in recent years with rapidly increasing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 25.8%, 16 approaching that of the state-ofthe-art PCE of 26.81% obtained for crystalline-silicon solar cells. However, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) can degrade when exposed to humidity, oxygen, temperature, electrical bias, illumination, and stress, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] which hinders the commercialization of the resultant photovoltaic technology.…”