Ethanol Extract of Elaeocarpus petiolatus Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Macrophage Cells

Kwon, Ok‐Kyoung; Ahn, Kyung Seop; Park, Ji Won; Jang, Ha Young; Joung, Hyouk; Lee, Hyeong Kyu; Oh, Sei Ryang

doi:10.1007/s10753-011-9343-3

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These findings are in agreement with previous studies that reported that WFRG promotes the proliferation of macrophages in vitro (19), and that the proliferation of macrophages enhances immune activity (20). For this reason, a concentration of 100 μg WFRG/mL was used in all subsequent experiments.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Immunostimulatory Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng in the Mouse Model

Park

Kim

et al. 2014

JFN

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In this study, Woongjin fermented red ginseng extract (WFRG) was evaluated for its potential ability to act as an adjuvant for the immune response of mice. For the in vitro study, macrophages were treated with serial concentrations (1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL) of WFRG. For in vivo studies, mice were administered different concentrations (10 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, and 200 mg/kg/day) of WFRG orally for 21 days. In vitro, the production of nitric oxide and TNF-α by RAW 264.7 cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, WFRG enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes induced by two mitogens (i.e., concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and increased LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6, but not IL-1β. In conclusion, WFRG has the potential to modulate immune function and should be further investigated as an immunostimulatory agent.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Immunostimulatory Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng in the Mouse Model

Park

Kim

et al. 2014

JFN

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“…5E). COX-2 is also a key driver of inflammation whose expression is enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines (18). COX-2 was markedly upregulated in the livers of rabbits with RHDV infection, and this effect was significantly reduced by CT-1 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our data indicate that the beneficial effect of CT-1 appears to be due to the mitigation of inflammation, the reduction of oxidative stress, and the activation of endogenous cytoprotective and growth-promoting mechanisms. Indeed, CT-1-treated animals exhibited a significant reduction in the expression of key drivers of inflammation, such as TNF-␣, IL-1␤, COX-2, and TLR4, which are known to be relevant mediators of tissue damage in the inflamed liver (2,10,18). On the other hand, in the treated rabbits the alleviation of the inflammatory reaction within the liver was accompanied by a significant decrease in oxidative stress as reflected by decreased levels of lipid peroxidation products and reduced GSSG/GSH ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For survival studies, 24 rabbits (cohort 1) were injected intramuscularly with 2 ϫ 10 4 hemagglutination units of a RHDV isolate (32). At 12,18,24,48, and 72 h postinfection (hpi), 12 animals received an intravenous injection of rat CT-1 (100 g/kg [body weight] dissolved into 3 ml of saline; Dro Biosystems, San Sebastian, Spain), and the other 12 animals received the same volume of vehicle (saline). Animals from both groups were left to die spontaneously, and all of the surviving rabbits from the CT-1-treated group were sacrificed at 7 days postinfection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiotrophin-1 Promotes a High Survival Rate in Rabbits with Lethal Fulminant Hepatitis of Viral Origin

Tuñón

Miguel

Crespo

et al. 2011

J Virol

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Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) causes lethal fulminant hepatitis closely resembling acute liver failure (ALF) in humans. In this study, we investigated whether cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a cytokine with hepatoprotective properties, could attenuate liver damage and prolong survival in virus-induced ALF. Twentyfour rabbits were infected with 2 ؋ 10 4 hemagglutination units of RHDV. Twelve received five doses of CT-1 (100 g/kg) starting at 12 h postinfection (hpi) (the first three doses every 6 h and then two additional doses at 48 and 72 hpi), while the rest received saline. The animals were analyzed for survival, serum biochemistry, and viral load. Another cohort (n ‫؍‬ 22) was infected and treated similarly, but animals were sacrificed at 30 and 36 hpi to analyze liver histology, viral load, and the expression of factors implicated in liver damage and repair. All infected rabbits that received saline died by 60 hpi, while 67% of the CT-1-treated animals survived until the end of the study. Treated animals showed improved liver function and histology, while the viral loads were similar. In the livers of CT-1-treated rabbits we observed reduction of oxidative stress, diminished PARP1/2 and JNK activation, and decreased inflammatory reaction, as reflected by reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1␤, Toll-like receptor 4, VCAM-1, and MMP-9. In addition, CT-1-treated rabbits exhibited marked upregulation of TIMP-1 and increased expression of cytoprotective and proregenerative growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor B, epidermal growth factor, plateletderived growth factor receptor ␤, and c-Met. In conclusion, in a lethal form of acute viral hepatitis, CT-1 increases animal survival by attenuating inflammation and activating cytoprotective mechanisms, thus representing a promising therapy for ALF of viral origin.Acute liver failure (ALF) arises as a result of extensive hepatocellular damage that exceeds the liver's capacity to regenerate. Depending on the interval between the onset of jaundice and that of encephalopathy, ALF can be categorized into hyperacute (less than 1 week), acute (between 1 and 4 weeks) and subacute (more than 4 weeks). Etiologic factors include viral infections, drugs, biological toxins, metabolic disorders, and ischemia, but it is not unusual for this syndrome to arise without any known causative agent (22).ALF is one of the most challenging human conditions requiring critical care. Therapy is merely supportive and oriented to the correction of complications. Survival is poor and liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for patients with severe ALF. However, the indication for liver transplantation relies on prognostic assessment, and this lacks accuracy. In transplanted patients mortality is about 10%, but ca. 30% of patients with ALF die without having access to transplantation (24). Thus, novel medical treatments for this condition are urgently needed. With the exception of N-acetylcysteine, which can prevent glutathione depletion...

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“…LPS stimulation of macrophages (RAW264.7) is a widely used in vitro model for evaluating the potency of anti-inflammatory drugs and exploring their mechanisms of action30. LPS can activate several extracellular signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPKs2831.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanin-rich fractions from red raspberries attenuate inflammation in both RAW264.7 macrophages and a mouse model of colitis

Wang²,

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

130

101

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Edible berries have a broad spectrum of biomedical functions, including improving immune responses and reducing risk for chronic diseases. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activities of crude extracts (CEs), anthocyanin-rich fractions (ARFs), and des-anthocyanin fractions (DAFs) from seven berries were evaluated based on their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/IFN-γ-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. ARFs from red raspberries (RR-ARFs) exhibited the highest efficiency in suppressing NO synthesis. The anti-inflammatory properties were also demonstrated by reducing the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the activities of NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways were significantly suppressed by RR-ARFs. Further studies showed that RR-ARFs decreased the phosphorylation of IKK, IκBα, p65 and JNK and the nuclear translocation of p65 in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In a mouse colitis model, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced weight loss and histological damage were significantly ameliorated by RR-ARFs treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that RR-ARFs attenuate inflammation both in vitro and in vivo primarily by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. The anti-inflammatory of RR-ARFs could be harnessed and applied in animal agriculture, drug and food industries.

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Ethanol Extract of Elaeocarpus petiolatus Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Macrophage Cells

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Immunostimulatory Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng in the Mouse Model

Immunostimulatory Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng in the Mouse Model

Cardiotrophin-1 Promotes a High Survival Rate in Rabbits with Lethal Fulminant Hepatitis of Viral Origin

Anthocyanin-rich fractions from red raspberries attenuate inflammation in both RAW264.7 macrophages and a mouse model of colitis

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