Lanthanide supramolecular chemistry
is a fast growing and intriguing
research field due to the unique photophysical, magnetic, and coordination
properties of lanthanide ions (LnIII). Compared with the
intensively investigated mononuclear Ln-complexes, polymetallic lanthanide
supramolecular assemblies offer more structural superiority and functional
advantages. In recent decades, significant progress has been made
in polynuclear lanthanide supramolecules, varying from structural
evolution to luminescent and magnetic functional materials. This review
summarizes the design principles in ligand-induced coordination-driven
self-assembly of polynuclear Ln-structures and intends to offer guidance
for the construction of more elegant Ln-based architectures and optimization
of their functional performances. Design principles concerning the
water solubility and chirality of the lanthanide-organic assemblies
that are vital in extending their applications are emphasized. The
strategies for improving the luminescent properties and the applications
in up-conversion, host–guest chemistry, luminescent sensing,
and catalysis have been summarized. Magnetic materials based on supramolecular
assembled lanthanide architectures are given in an individual section
and are classified based on their structural features. Challenges
remaining and perspective directions in this field are also briefly
discussed.