Evaluating individual differences in response to time-pressure situations.

Joslyn, Susan; Hunt, Earl

doi:10.1037/1076-898x.4.1.16

Cited by 39 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Further, the findings suggest that context-free, simple tests such as the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test can serve as predictors of performance in complex DDM tasks. Successful performance on this type of test must require that test takers tap into abstract cognitive demands similar to those needed to resolve complex DDM problems (Joslyn & Hunt, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task Workload and Cognitive Abilities in Dynamic Decision Making

González

2005

Hum Factors

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INTRODUCTIONDynamic decisions are real-time decisions that are interdependent and highly constrained by the decision-making environment (Edwards, 1962). For example, many large manufacturing and distribution systems store and disseminate information in real time about the status of the objects within the system. Decision makers then can use this information to alter the system as events unfold. Despite significant advances in information technology, the high information load generated by such dynamic environments continues to pose problems. For example, plane and automobile accidents are more likely to occur when the involved decision makers (i.e., pilots and drivers, respectively) are under heavy workloads.Excessive cognitive workload is generated when the satisfactory performance of a task demands more resources from the operator than are available at any given time. Although a wealth of research has been performed to evaluate the effects of task demands on human performance, little attention has been paid to the cognitive resources available or to the relationship between task demands and cognitive abilities as individuals acquire experience in a task. The focus of the present study was the relationship between human cognitive abilities and workload in a complex, dynamic decision-making (DDM) task. The experiments reported here enabled the manipulation of task workload experienced by participants and the assessment of participants' general intellectual ability in order to test the hypothesis that the effect of task workload on DDM depends on cognitive ability.A brief summary of research pertaining to the effects of cognitive workload on DDM appears in the following section, followed by the methods that describe the experiment and measures of cognitive abilities. Next, the results from collected data are reported. Finally, the results are discussed and their implications are presented. COGNITIVE WORKLOAD AND DYNAMIC DECISION MAKINGResearchers can manipulate task complexity in many ways, such as by altering the number of elements that demand a participant's attention, the number of intermediate decisions required to arrive at a solution, or the display duration (Ackerman, 1988). In general, the manipulation Task Workload and Cognitive Abilities in Dynamic Decision MakingCleotilde Gonzalez, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaResearchers often treat workload as a task-dependent variable. To evaluate the effect of workload on individuals' performance, researchers commonly use several methods, such as varying the complexity or number of tasks that test participants are asked to handle or placing individuals under time constraints. Only rarely have researchers investigated workload as a variable dependent on individuals' cognitive abilities. This study investigated workload during dynamic decision making in terms of its dependence on both task workload and cognitive abilities. The findings demonstrate detrimental effects of both high task workload and low cognitive abilities. Further, the results sh...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task Workload and Cognitive Abilities in Dynamic Decision Making

González

2005

Hum Factors

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“…The situation, or the combination of circumstances at a given moment, is associated either with the task or broad organizational setting. In this stream of research, most studies have focused on investigating the link between the task and information overload (e.g., Peters et al, 1984;Hahn et al, 1992;Joslyn and Hunt, 1998;Stocks and Tuttle, 1998;Tuttle and Burton, 1999;Speier et al, 1999;Seshradi and Shapira, 2001). Task has been defined as the process of transforming a certain input into a predefined output.…”

Section: -Information Overload At the Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

.

Filippov¹,

Iastrebova²

2010

RISUS

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Abstract:The 20th century brought some dramatic changes in terms of volume of information and communication and their diversity. The problem of having too little information has been transformed into a problem of having too much information and increasing information flows. This situation created what is known as "information overload". The paper investigates this phenomenon both at a conceptual and empirical level. We review the relevant academic literature looking at information overload at the individual and organizational levels. There is a general lack of studied treating information overload from the organizational perspective. Hence, this paper aims to fill this gap by focusing on a case study in which we define information overload in the organizational context, and then elaborate on organization-enabled coping structures.

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“…Two other colors were included: white was used to differentiate special cases that were so called follow-ups from ambulances and blue was given to follow-ups from police officers. These special types of reports were included based on the practices of local dispatchers and prior research (Joslyn and Hunt, 1998). Colorless versions of the application used grey for all of these incidents.…”

Section: Experimental Emergency Dispatch Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application was developed after extensive shadowing of local dispatchers and based on previous work in the area (Joslyn and Hunt, 1998). The experimental application used a two-step approach that is utilized by many emergency dispatch systems where emergency operators first answer incoming calls and input the relevant facts from these calls into the system.…”

Section: Experimental Emergency Dispatch Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Emergency Response Dispatch Systems for Better Dispatcher Performance

McNab¹,

Hess²,

Valacich³

2011

THCI

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Ping Zhang was the accepting Senior Editor. This article was submitted on 4/20/2010 and accepted on 2/12/2011. It was with the authors 230 days for 2 revisions. Emergency response systems are a relatively new and important area of research in the information systems community. While there is a growing body of literature in this research stream, human-computer interaction (HCI) issues concerning the design of emergency response system interfaces have received limited attention. Emergency responders often work in time pressured situations and depend on fast access to key information. One of the problems studied in HCI research is the design of interfaces to improve user information selection and processing performance. Based on cue-summation theory and research findings on parallel processing, associative processing, and hemispheric differences in information processing, this study proposes that information selection of target information in an emergency response dispatch application can be improved by using supplementary cues. Color-coding and sorting are proposed as relevant cues that can improve processing performance by providing prioritization heuristics. An experimental emergency response dispatch application is developed, and user performance is tested under conditions of varying complexity and time pressure. The results suggest that supplementary cues significantly improve performance, with better results often obtained when both cues are used. Additionally, the use of these cues becomes more beneficial as time pressure and task complexity increase.

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Evaluating individual differences in response to time-pressure situations.

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Task Workload and Cognitive Abilities in Dynamic Decision Making

Task Workload and Cognitive Abilities in Dynamic Decision Making

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Designing Emergency Response Dispatch Systems for Better Dispatcher Performance

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