Evaluating the effect of energy-dense foods consumption on preschool children’s body mass index: a prospective analysis from 2 to 4 years of age

Abstract

Consumption of energy-dense foods and BMI tracked over time, but the consumption of energy-dense foods at 2 years was not associated with BMI z-scores at 4 years.

Normalization of glomerular filtration rate in obese children

“…Anthropometric and general physical examinations were performed according to standard procedures as previously reported [23]. BMI-for-age values were classified into the following categories using the World Health Organization reference data: normal weight [≤ +1 standard deviation (SD)], overweight (>1SD and ≤ +2SD) and obesity (>2SD) [24].…”

Gender and obesity modify the impact of salt intake on blood pressure in children

“…Classes of gender-specific adequate birth weight for gestational age were defined according to the population-based Canadian reference curves (<10th percentile, small for gestational age; ≥10th percentile and <90th percentile, adequate for gestational age; ≥90th percentile, large for gestational age) [22]. The anthropometric and general physical examinations were performed according to standard procedures and as previously reported [23]. The BMI was calculated, and BMI-for-age values were classified according to the World Health Organization reference data for BMI z-scores into the following categories: normal weight [≤+1 standard deviation (SD), including 1 child classified as being thin] and overweight/obesity (>1 SD, including children who were overweight and obesity) [24].…”

Urinary fibrogenic cytokines ET-1 and TGF-β1 are associated with urinary angiotensinogen levels in obese children

“…Anthropometric measurements were obtained and a general physical examination was performed according to standard procedures and as previously reported [25]. Waist circumference was indexed to height [waist-to-height ratio).…”