Evaluating the stabilization of isotropic pitch fibers for optimal tensile properties of carbon fibers

Jang, So Young; Ko, Seunghyun; Jeon, Young Pyo; Choi, Jisu; Kang, Namkyu; Kim, Hwan Chul; Joh, Han‐Ik; Lee, Sungho

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2016.09.042

Cited by 42 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Tensile specimens from the best conversion pathways in each experimental pitch system were tested as single filaments in sets of 10 ( 58 ). Fiber density values used for validation were determined via the commonly used buoyancy method ( 54 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibers were collected on a roll via a winder set to the maximum achievable speed in revolutions per minute where the fiber drawing remained stable for 5 min or more. Three-inch-long sectioned bundles of fibers were collected from the rolls, placed in a graphite crucible, and oxidized using optimized pathways for each sample established from previous studies (53)(54)(55)(56)(57). Oxidized fiber bundles were then transferred to a furnace and carbonized under streaming inert gas at a rate of 300°C/hour to a final temperature of 1200 to 1300°C.…”

Section: Experimental Cf Fabrication and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atoms to fibers: Identifying novel processing methods in the synthesis of pitch-based carbon fibers

et al. 2022

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Understanding and optimizing the key mechanisms used in the synthesis of pitch-based carbon fibers (CFs) are challenging, because unlike polyacrylonitrile-based CFs, the feedstock for pitch-based CFs is chemically heterogeneous, resulting in complex fabrication leading to inconsistency in the final properties. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to explore the processing and chemical phase space through a framework of CF models to identify their effects on elastic performance. The results are in excellent agreement with experiments. We find that density, followed by alignment, and functionality of the molecular constituents dictate the CF mechanical properties more strongly than their size and shape. Last, we propose a previously unexplored fabrication route for high-modulus CFs. Unlike graphitization, this results in increased sp 3 fraction, achieved via generating high-density CFs. In addition, the high sp 3 fraction leads to the fabrication of CFs with isometric compressive and tensile moduli, enabling their potential applications for compressive loading.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Cf Fabrication and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atoms to fibers: Identifying novel processing methods in the synthesis of pitch-based carbon fibers

et al. 2022

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“…The crosshead speed used for testing was 0.2 mm/min. According to the literature [46,47], as far as the orientation is concerned, it was not substantially modified after the tensile test, which was a promising indication for potential thermal treatment (stabilization, carbonization), because during these processes, the fibers tend to shrink and become thicker. Furthermore, these values are related and comply with the tensile properties of natural fiber composites [48], while the difference between the precursor fiber in tensile strength is ascribed to their slightly different microstructure, which is affected by extrusion speed, temperature, and residence time of the materials in the extrusion line and the size of the spinneret [49].…”

Section: Tensile Testing Of Precursor Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Processing of Melt Spun Materials from Esterified Lignin with Lactic Acid

et al. 2019

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In this study, the carbon fiber manufacturing process is investigated, using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and esterified lignin either with lactic acid (LA) or with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as precursors. More specifically, lignin was modified using either LA or PLA in order to increase its chemical affinity with HDPE. The modified compounds were continuously melt spun to fibrous materials by blending with HDPE in order to fabricate a carbon fiber precursor. The obtained products were characterized with respect to their morphology, as well as their structure and chemical composition. Moreover, an assessment of both physical and structural transformations after modification of lignin with LA and PLA was performed in order to evaluate the spinning ability of the composite fibers, as well as the thermal processing to carbon fibers. This bottom–up approach seems to be able to provide a viable route considering large scale production in order to transform lignin in value-added product. Tensile tests revealed that the chemical lignin modification allowed an enhancement in its spinning ability due to its compatibility improvement with the commercial low-cost and thermoplastic HDPE polymer. Finally, stabilization and carbonization thermal processing was performed in order to obtain carbon fibers.

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“…For example, the price of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), the most widely used precursor to produce high-performance carbon fibers, represents roughly half of the cost to produce PAN-based carbon fibers, while the other half is for subsequent conversion processes including stabilization, carbonization, and post-treatments . Hence, relatively low-cost resources like textile-grade PAN, , polyethylene, − and pitch − have been continuously explored to replace the current special-grade PAN to obtain cost-effective carbon fiber precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Fibers Derived from Oleic Acid-Functionalized Lignin via Thermostabilization Accelerated by UV Irradiation

Kang

Lee

Park

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Lignin is a biorenewable precursor source suitable for the production of low-cost carbon fibers. In this work, softwood lignin was chemically modified with fatty acids to employ UVtriggered oxidative reactions occurring at long alk(en)yl chains as a pretreatment prior to thermostabilization. The chemical transformation of oleic acid-functionalized lignin (OAFL) under the UV irradiation was the free radical-based cross-linking reaction assisted by atmospheric oxygen, which successfully formed oxidatively cross-linked networks of lignin derivatives at the surface of the fiber. We observed that OAFL showed more rapid oxidative cross-linking than stearic acid-functionalized lignin (SAFL) because the presence of carbon−carbon double bond in OAFL contributed to the formation of more stable allyl radicals in addition to alkyl radicals under the UV irradiation. This UV pretreatment played a pivotal role in the conversion of flexible pristine OAFL fibers into infusible fibers during the subsequent thermostabilization step at the elevation rate of 2 °C/min without melt deformation. As the elevation rate of 2 °C/min is among the fastest thermostabilization process for lignin-derived carbon fibers, the duration of the thermostabilization of the OAFL-derived fibers in this study (∼2 h) is considerably less than previously reported ones. In addition, the UV irradiation process in this study requires less power (150 W) and exposure time (8 min), which can be appreciated by carbon fiber manufacturers aiming to reduce the fabrication cost. Therefore, the chemical functionalization with fatty acids envisages the possibility to produce carbon fibers from lignin precursors via a rapid stabilization step with spending less amount of time and energy.

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Evaluating the stabilization of isotropic pitch fibers for optimal tensile properties of carbon fibers

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Atoms to fibers: Identifying novel processing methods in the synthesis of pitch-based carbon fibers

Atoms to fibers: Identifying novel processing methods in the synthesis of pitch-based carbon fibers

Synthesis and Processing of Melt Spun Materials from Esterified Lignin with Lactic Acid

Carbon Fibers Derived from Oleic Acid-Functionalized Lignin via Thermostabilization Accelerated by UV Irradiation

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