EVALUATION OF A HYBRID BIOCOMPOSITE OF HA/HDPE REINFORCED WITH MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCNTs) AS A BONE-SUBSTITUTE MATERIAL

Abstract

In this investigation, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with various percentages (0.6%, 1%, 1.4%, 2%) were combined into ​and High-density polyethylene HDPE (60) wt. % and hydroxyapatite (40) wt. % to form biocomposite using hot-press techniques. The surface topography by AFM images illustrates differences in the roughness of the sample's surface with different adding percentages of MWCNT. The DSC technique exhibits the effect of adding MWCNT in different percentages with the degree of crystallinity, which its effect on mechanical properties for samples. The in vitro bioactivity was investigated by immersion the samples in Ringer's solution as simulated body fluid (SBF) at (0, 3, 6, 9, 12) days (after immersing). The FE-SEM and EDx image explained the apatite layers formation on the sample's surface after 3 days immersed in Ringer solution. Based on XRD Technique, after immersion days in the Ringer solution, the crystallographic structure of hydroxyapatite is formed, forming the monetite. ​The enhancement of bioactivity has been shown during the incorporation of MWCNT into HA/HDPE composite. These results exhibited excellent indications of biocompatibility properties with the possibility of making promising biomaterials for making bone substitute applications.

Effect of using Nano-particles of Magnesium Oxide and Titanium Dioxide to Enhance Properties of Hip Joint Bone Cement

“…5 (d), (f) and (g) FE-SEM image clari es that bio-composite microstructures were homogeneous which will have an effect in enhancing the mechanical properties. Additionally, the FE-SEM with high magni cation image of the composite includes pores in the surface structure that allow bone intercellular to link when the bone cement is immersed in body [49].…”

Effects of mechanical properties of carbon-based nanocomposites on scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a comprehensive review

“…The mechanical effects of CNTs have been greatly noticed and used in applications such as medical, 161,162 pharmaceutical, 163 wound dressings, 164 various industries (namely aerospace, nano, and optics [165][166][167][168] ), strengthening of electrical devices, 169,170 and tissue engineering. 27 In tissue engineering, the appearance of the materials used, which originate from their mechanical traits, plays an important role.…”

“…26 Abundant evidence has shown that mechanical stress, together with other physical factors, may remarkably augment the biosynthetic activity of cells in biosynthetic matrices. 27,28 Although strength and work at failure both dene the mechanical reliability of biomaterials, the elastic modulus is remarkably related to cellular material interactions. For example, the increase in Young's modulus can be calculated from the linear part of the stress-strain curve, which was used to analyze the stiffness of a cryogel aer it was blended with CNTs in a compression test for skeletal card tissue engineering.…”

A review: In vivo studies of bioceramics as bone substitute materials

“…On the other hand, in vitro is effective as the first stage of biocompatibility estimations. [38] So many invitro studies are concerned with biocompatibility features investigations [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] for bone substitute materials applications. However, in vivo investigations provide a better approximation of human conditions.…”

“…[7] There is a developing need for synthesizing biomaterials for bone healing or replacement due to osteoporosis, bone cancer, and bone fracture. [8] Tissue engineering is regarded as an alternative method for repairing bone defects. In standard tissue engineering techniques, a template that works as a bridging material is called a scaffold.…”