Evaluation of amoxicillin plasma and tissue levels in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy

Averono, Gianluca; Vidali, Matteo; Olina, Massimo; Basile, Matteo; Bagnati, Marco; Bellomo, Giorgio; Aluffi, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.05.023

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…There is an ample evidence that microorganisms that infect the middle ear in bacterial otitis media (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus) originate in the adenoids [12][13][14]. Different cytokines play key roles in innate immunity to different classes of microbes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of cytokines by mononuclear cells of hypertrophic adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion

Żelazowska-Rutkowska¹,

Iłendo²,

Skotnicka³

et al. 2012

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Hypertrophic adenoids with otitis media with effusion is a common infectious disease and present a serious otological problem in children. Cytokines, potent inflammatory mediators, play important role in the initiation of immunological response in otitis media. Adenoids excised due to hypertrophy with or without chronic otitis media with effusion were used to isolate mononuclear cells. Secretion of cytokines by non-stimulated and PHA-stimulated cells was determined by specific ELISAs. We found a significant increase in the production of IL-5 and TNF-a secreted by adenoidal cells of children with otitis media with effusion compared to group with hypertrophic adenoids. No differences were found in the secretion of IL-8, IL-6, and IL-10 between these two groups of patients. Our results suggest a difference between the immunological responses in the course of hypertrophic adenoids with otitis media as compared to hypertrophic adenoids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of cytokines by mononuclear cells of hypertrophic adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion

Żelazowska-Rutkowska¹,

Iłendo²,

Skotnicka³

et al. 2012

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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“…The NTHi patient's isolate was cultured overnight in a brain heart infusion (BHI) broth (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Prague, Czech Republic) supplemented with NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and hemin (10 µg/mL each) (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany). To determine the effect of amoxicillin on OMV production, the medium was supplemented with amoxicillin (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) in concentrations reported in the tonsillar tissue during amoxicillin therapy (0.17 µg/mL, 1.1 µg/mL, and 3.9 µg/mL) [30][31][32]. OMVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation as described previously [33,34].…”

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Omvs Produced By Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae (Nthi) Patient's Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…NTHi, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae; OMVs, outer membrane vesicles; BHI, brain heart infusion. 1,2,3 Amoxicillin concentrations reported in the tonsils of amoxicillin-treated patients who underwent tonsillectomy [30][31][32].…”

Section: Nthi Omvs Produced Under Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Secretion of β-Lactamase-Carrying Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Mechanism of β-Lactam Therapy Failure

et al. 2021

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Outer membrane vesicles carrying β-lactamase (βLOMVs) protect bacteria against β-lactam antibiotics under experimental conditions, but their protective role during a patient’s treatment leading to the therapy failure is unknown. We investigated the role of βLOMVs in amoxicillin therapy failure in a patient with group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) pharyngotonsillitis. The patient’s throat culture was examined by standard microbiological procedures. Bacterial vesicles were analyzed for β-lactamase by immunoblot and the nitrocefin assay, and in vivo secretion of βLOMVs was detected by electron microscopy. These analyses demonstrated that the patient’s throat culture grew, besides amoxicillin-susceptible GAS, an amoxicillin-resistant nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), which secreted βLOMVs. Secretion and β-lactamase activity of NTHi βLOMVs were induced by amoxicillin concentrations reached in the tonsils during therapy. The presence of NTHi βLOMVs significantly increased the minimal inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin for GAS and thereby protected GAS against bactericidal concentrations of amoxicillin. NTHi βLOMVs were identified in the patient’s pharyngotonsillar swabs and saliva, demonstrating their secretion in vivo at the site of infection. We conclude that the pathogen protection via βLOMVs secreted by the flora colonizing the infection site represents a yet underestimated mechanism of β-lactam therapy failure that warrants attention in clinical studies.

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“…Then, aliquots (300 μL) of the solutions were collected at 8,24,48,72,96,120,144 and 168 hours, in order to determine the release rate as a function of time by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography performance). The HPLC analysis parameters were: flow rate of 1 mL/min for all antibiotics; mobile phase of 45% acetonitrile and 55% potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 for Clindamycin, 21 95% water and 5% acetonitrile, Metronidazole 8 80% methanol and 20% potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 for Azithromycin, 2 and 4% acetonitrile and 96% potassium phosphate buffer at pH 3.5 for Amoxicillin; 22 the absorbance was detected at the wavelength of 210 nm to Clindamycin and Azithromycin, 300 nm to Metronidazole and 230 nm to Amoxicillin. 21,8,22,23 Antibacterial efficacy…”

Section: Generation Of Aliquots and Drug Release Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro analysis of a local polymeric device as an alternative for systemic antibiotics in Dentistry

et al. 2017

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The development of a biodegradable material with antimicrobial properties for local applications is required in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to produce blends of poly-L-lactide acid (PLLA) synthetic polymer associated with several antimicrobials, as an alternative in the prevention and treatment of infections, as well as to evaluate its cytotoxicity, release of antimicrobials and inhibit bacteria growth. Blends of PLLA added with 20% Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Clindamycin or Azithromicyn were used to produce Films (F) or Meshs (M) by casting and electrospinning methods, respectively. Standardized discs of the films and meshs were stored in buffer solutions (pH 5 or 7.4) and aliquots were analyzed by high performance chromatography (HPLC) during 168 hours. Cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblasts was tested after 24, 48 and 72h by MTT reaction. The antimicrobial capacity was determined against P. gingivalis and S. pyogenes. The specimens were weighed after 3 and 6 months of storage for degradation analysis. SEM was performed to control interfaces and degradation. Antimicrobials presented a continuous and exponential drug release. Analysis showed that both M and F were able to inhibit S. pyogenes and P. gingivalis growth, indicating the release of active antimicrobial agents. The products were not toxic to the fibroblasts. Amoxicillin-film showed more degradation than PLLA at both pHs (p < 0.05), whereas Azithromycin-meshes were more degraded than PLLA at pH 7.4 (p < 0.05). PLLA association with antimicrobials is biocompatible and may represent a potential tool for the local delivery of antimicrobials.

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Evaluation of amoxicillin plasma and tissue levels in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Production of cytokines by mononuclear cells of hypertrophic adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion

Production of cytokines by mononuclear cells of hypertrophic adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion

In Vivo Secretion of β-Lactamase-Carrying Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Mechanism of β-Lactam Therapy Failure

In vitro analysis of a local polymeric device as an alternative for systemic antibiotics in Dentistry

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