Evaluation of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential of some underutilized indigenous fruits of West Bengal using anin vitromodel

Abstract

Evaluation of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential of some underutilized indigenous fruits of West Bengal using an in vitro model. Abstract-Introduction. Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) is a key component in regulation of blood pressure by virtue of the rennin-angiotensin system. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the potent vasopressor octapeptide, angiotensin II, and inactivates bradykinin, which has a vasodilating action. So, inhibition of ACE has become a major target in control of hypertension. It is well known that the consumption of fruits could provide health benefits by lowering the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our current study was focused on investigating the ACE inhibitory property of a few underutilized minor fruits of West Bengal using an in vitro assay. Materials and methods. The potential antihypertensive activity of underutilized indigenous edible fruits of West Bengal, India, was evaluated by their ability to inhibit Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE). The ACE inhibitory property was assayed using ACE from rabbit lung and hippuryl-histidyl-leucine as the substrate. Nineteen fruit species belonging to 15 families were investigated. The percentage ACE inhibitory activities of these fruits were studied at 20 µg fresh weight of fruit extract per mL. The total phenol content of all these fruits was determined following the standard Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total flavonoid content was also measured. Results. The aqueous fruit extracts of the red variety of Trapa bispinosa, Phoenix sylvestris, Cicca acida, Achras sapota and Averrhoa carambola presented more than 75% ACE inhibition. On the other hand, Punica granatum, Spondias pinnata, Trapa bispinosa (green) and Ziziphus mauritiana showed about 50% inhibition. Aegle marmelos, Annona squamosa, Annona reticulata, Feronia elephantum, Physalis peruviana and Syzygium jambos showed low activity (< 50% inhibition). Discussions. To date there has been no report on Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme inhibitory activities of these underutilized minor fruits of West Bengal, India. During our study no correlation could be established between the % ACE inhibition and the total phenol or flavonoid content of these fruit extracts. So, it appears that non-phenolic components may also be responsible for ACE inhibitory activity. In our investigation we tried to establish the fact that the consumption of these underutilized minor fruits might have potential in managing cardiovascular diseases.

Antinociceptive and neuropharmacological activities of methanol extract of Phoenix sylvestris fruit pulp

“…The antioxidant activity of fruits has been reported (Mukherjee et al, 2014 ). Aqueous extract of the fruits has been found to inhib the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), α-glucosidase and α-amylase (Das et al, 2012 ; Das and De, 2013 ). The erythropoietic activity of the fruits has also been reported (Lohar et al, 2009 ).…”

Metabolite Profile and Bioactivity ofMusa X ParadisiacaL. Flower Extracts

“…Kanthali were noteworthy. Quinic acid, sucrose, trehalose were found to have α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities (Das ). Gallic acid inhibited AChE (Nag and De ), β‐glucuronidase, α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase (Ray et al .…”

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Active Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity from Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth

“…23 Study of structure-activity relationships of the flavonoid and inhibitory activity of ACE showed that the combination of sub-structures in the framework of flavonoids which enhances the activity of ACE inhibitor consists of the following elements: catechol group in the B-ring, a double bond between C2 and C3 on the C-ring, ketone group in C4 on the C-ring. 25 Susmita & De (2013) are also reported that the content of phenolic total on 19 kinds of fruit did not have a significant relationship with the percent inhibition of ACE, with a correlation value row r = 0.0034, and r = 0.134.…”