Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of liquid waste of Agave sisalana (sisal) in goats

Abstract

It was evaluated the anthelmintic activity of Agave sisalana (sisal) juice against gastrointestinal nematodes and its potential toxic effects in goats. In vitro tests showed more than 95% reduction in larval counts of the genus Haemonchus spp. at concentrations between 86.5 and 146.3 mg.mL -1. In vivo the percent reduction of larvae of the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) stages of Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus was less than 95% in groups GI and GII, and between 80 and 90% in group GIII. A. sisalana juice at the concentrations tested in vitro was effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats; however, its anthelmintic efficacy was reduced when administered to animals.Keywords: Agave sisalana, anthelmintic, goats, nematodes, sisal. ResumoFoi avaliada a atividade anti-helmíntica do suco de Agave sisalana (sisal) contra nematódeos gastrintestinais e possíveis efeitos tóxicos em caprinos. Nos testes in vitro, encontrou-se redução superior a 95% na contagem de larvas do gênero Haemonchus spp. nas concentrações entre 86,5 e 146,3 mg.mL -1 . In vivo, o percentual de redução de larvas de quarto (L4) e quinto (L5) estágios de Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum e Trichostrongylus foi inferior a 95% para o GI e GII, e entre 80 e 90% para o GIII. O suco de A. sisalana nas concentrações testadas in vitro foi efetivo contra nematódeos gastrintestinais de caprinos, apresentando, no entanto, reduzida eficácia anti-helmíntica quando administrado nos animais.Palavras-chave: Agave sisalana, anti-helmíntico, caprinos, nematódeos, sisal.The goat industry is a livestock activity of great socioeconomic importance in Northeastern Brazil, but its operation has been limited by frequent gastrointestinal nematode infections (GNI) and inappropriate drug use, which has led to resistance of these parasites to common anthelmintics.Given the interest in the use of waste liquid of A. sisalana and lack of scientific evidence regarding its potential anthelmintic activity, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of A. sisalana juice against gastrointestinal nematodes and its potential toxic effects in goats.Agave sisalana plants were collected in Valente, Bahia. They were identified by botanists and voucher specimens (No. 838) were deposited in the herbarium of the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana.A. sisalana pulp and juice were collected through mechanical defibration of the leaves. The juice was obtained after filtration three times in filter paper and stored at 4 °C for use in in vivo tests. For in vitro tests, the juice was dried and frozen. Five concentrations were used in this study : 146.3, 112.5, 86.5, 66.5, 51.1 and 39.3 mg.mL -1 , which were tested in triplicate. To validate the results, the same experiment was repeated three times.Larval cultures (UENO; GONÇALVES, 1998) consisted of 2 g of feces, 2 g of sawdust, and 2 mL of juice. Positive and negative controls were treated with doramectin (0.0625 mg.mL -1 ) and distilled water, respectively.Twenty-four racially undefined goats b...

Efficacy, toxicity, and lethality of plants with potential anthelmintic activity in small ruminants in Brazil

“…The substances contained in A. indica affect parasite feeding, growth, longevity, and fertility -interfering with copulation behavior, oviposition, and egg viability (El-Shafie and Basedow, 2003;Hasan and Ansari, 2011). The antihelminthic effect of Agave sisalana was studied in goats (Domingues et al, 2010;Botura et al, 2011;Silveira et al, 2012) and sheep (Silveira et al, 2012) but these studies showed discordant results. Agave sisalana contains saponins as secondary metabolites (Francis et al, 2002).…”

“…Only the hydroalcoholic extracts of Eugenia uniflora (Hassum et al, 2013;Gonçalves et al, 2016;Sprenger et al, 2016) and Artemisia annua Maciel et al, 2006;Krychak-Furtado et al, 2011), chloroform (Assis et al, 2003Maciel et al, 2006), acetone (Oliveira et al, 2011), dimethyl sulfoxide (Cunha et al, 2014, and dichloromethane (Cala et al, 2014) have been used as extractive agents. Other forms of plant preparation used to evaluate the anthelmintic effect in small ruminants were: i) dehydrated leaves (Parra et al, 2011;Gregory et al, 2015) and ground (Falbo et al, 2008) and ii) dehydrated and ground fruit (Falbo et al, 2008) and juices (Almeida et al, 2004;Domingues et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2011). Using in natura plants, only Curcubita pepol showed an RFEC above 80% (Almeida et al, 2007).…”

“…The toxic effects of seven plants were evaluated concurrently with the anthelmintic efficacy assays in the same animals. With Agave sisalana, the animals were evaluated for hepatic, renal, and physiological parameters and showed normal results except for hematocrit and hemoglobin, which showed values below normal (Domingues et al, 2010;Botura et al, 2011). Jatropha curcas, Tabebuia avellanedae, and Schinus terebinthifolius did not change the heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and most hematological parameters.…”

Control of the banana burrowing nematode using sisal extract

“…The inoculated plants were grown for 4 months with daily irrigation in a greenhouse located at the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas campus. After this period, the R. similis juveniles were extracted from the banana roots according to the method described by Coolen and D'Herde (1972) and Jenkins (1964). The aqueous suspension of R. similis juveniles was counted in a Peters chamber under a microscope, and the suspension was adjusted to 150 juveniles per mL by dilution with sterile distilled water.…”

“…Plants belonging to the genera Agave have reportedly shown biocidal activity against nematodes from goats and lambs (Botura et al 2011;Domingues et al 2010;Silveira et al 2012). Sisal liquid residue is composed of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds, glycosidic saponins, flavonoids, and tannins (Chen et al 2011).…”