Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the topical preparation of Cipura paludosa (Iridaceae)

Abstract

Alho do mato (Cipura paludosa, Iridaceae) is a medicinal plant found in the Amazon rain forest, North of Brazil. It has been used to treat algic, inflammatory and infectious processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive action of the crude Cipura paludosa ethanolic extract at concentrations ranging between 2.0 and 4.0% in Oil and Water cream formulations for topical use. The physical-chemical stability of the formulations was monitored over a six-month period with the use of accelerated stability tests. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, we used a paw edema test induced by carrageenan and a formalin test, respectively. The paw edema test showed that there was a statistical difference in the control group in relation to the treatments. The formalin test did not confirm antinociceptive action of the treatments with the extract in the early phase of the test. However, statistical difference was confirmed for the treatments in relation to the control in the late phase. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Cipura paludosa preparations, as demonstrated in the results, at least partially support the ethno-medical uses of this plant. KEYWORDS: Oil and Water Cream, medicinal plant, paw edema test, formalin test.Avaliação das atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória de preparação tópica de Cipura paludosa (Iridaceae) RESUMO Allho do mato (Cipura paludosa, Iridaceae) é uma planta medicinal encontrada na floresta Amazônica, norte do Brasil. Essa planta tem sido usada para tratar dores, processos inflamatórios e infecciosos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a ação antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva do extrato bruto etanólico de Cipura paludosa, nas concentrações que variaram entre 2,0 e 4,0%, em formulações de cremes óleo e água de uso tópico. A estabilidade físico-química das formulações foi monitorada ao longo de um período de seis meses, com a aplicação de ensaios de estabilidade acelerada. A fim de avaliar as atividades anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva, utilizou-se um teste de edema de pata induzido por carragenina e um teste de formalina, respectivamente. O teste de edema de pata mostrou que houve uma diferença significativa no grupo controle em relação aos tratamentos. O teste da formalina não confirmou efeito antinociceptivo dos tratamentos com o extrato, na primeira fase do ensaio. No entanto, a diferença estatística foi confirmada para os tratamentos em relação ao controle na segunda fase. As atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória das preparações com Cipura paludosa confirmam de forma parcial o uso etno-médico desta planta. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Creme óleo e água, planta medicinal, teste edema de pata, teste de formalina. Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the topical preparation of Cipura paludosa (Iridaceae)

Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol leaves extract and solvent fractions of Zehneria scabra (Cucurbitaceae) in rodents

“…The second phase (2.5 -6 h post-carrageenan injection) is a result of the overproduction of COX-2 and its proinflammatory PG products, with infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) (Dawson et al 1991;Coura et al 2015). The peak inflammation is usually seen approximately 2 -3 h post carrageenan injection and is attributed to PG release (Kumar et al 2012;Silva-Neto et al 2014). Hence, this second phase appears to be the most exciting phase in terms of inflammatory processes.…”

“…The second phase (15 min post-induction) appears to be an inflammatory phase during which histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin, and bradykinin become key mediators and thus could be inhibited by peripherally acting anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. Leukocyte migration into the inflamed site will commence late in this phase (2.5 -6 h) and is considered to be the most crucial process in the inflammatory response (Silva-Neto et al 2014;Cui et al 2014). In line with this notion, on the 1 st day of induction, paw edema was determined three h following formaldehyde injection.…”