Evaluation of antitrypanosomal activity of Pterocarpus santalinoides L’H'erit ex DC hydroethanol leaf extract in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei

Obi, C. F.; Nzeakor, Terry A.; Okpala, Michael Ikenna; Ezeh, Ikenna O.; Nwobi, Lotanna Gilbert; Omeje, Martin O.; Ezeokonkwo, R.C.

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112085

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In summary, sub-chronic oral administration of P. santalinoides methanol leaf extract to albino rats at the doses of 500, 250 and 50 mg/kg led to no significant effects on the haematopoietic system and the hepatocellular integrity of the albino rats, it enhanced serum total protein and albumin synthesis, and also enhanced kidney function of the albino rats. The general results of this present study concurs with earlier reports of acute toxicity studies on leaf extracts of P. santalinoides (Anowi et al, 2012;Ihedioha et al, 2017Ihedioha et al, , 2018Ihedioha et al, , 2019Obi et al, 2019) which showed that leaf extracts of P. santalinoides were acutely safe up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The traditional use of the leaves of P. santalinoides both as a vegetable and medicament in humans, and as fodder or medicine for livestock has not been reported to be associated with any form of toxicity (Poppenga, 2007;Tiwari and Sinha, 2010;Anowi et al, 2012). Previous experimental studies have shown that methanol leaf extract of P. santalinoides is acutely non-toxic, has lipid and glucose lowering properties, and also possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities (Anowi et al, 2012;Ihedioha et al, 2017;2018;Obi et al, 2019). In view of the numerous traditional uses of P. santalinoides leaves in the treatment and management of various ailments (Adesina, 1982;Okwu and Ekeke, 2003) and the results of these previous studies (Anowi et al, 2012;Ihedioha et al, 2017;2018;Obi et al, 2019), the purpose of this present study was to evaluate the effects of sub-chronic administration of graded doses of methanol leaf extract of P. santalinoides DC on haematology, serum biochemistry and histopathology of albino rats (Rattus norvegicus).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haematology, serum biochemistry and histopathological findings associated with sub-chronic administration of methanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides DC in albino rats

Ihedioha¹,

Asuzu²,

Anaga³

et al. 2020

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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The effects of sub-chronic administration of Pterocarpus santalinoides methanol leaf extract (PSME) on haematology, serum biochemistry and histology of albino rats were evaluated. Twenty female albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups (A-D) of five rats each, were used for the study. Groups A-C were treated orally with 500, 250 and 50 mg/kg PSME, respectively, while Group D was given distilled water as placebo at the dose of 10 ml/kg (untreated control). Treatment was done daily for 3 months after which blood samples were collected for haematology and serum biochemistry. After blood sample collection, the rats were weighed and humanely euthanized. The liver, kidneys, heart and spleen were eviscerated and weighed, and relative organ weights calculated. Thin slices of the liver and kidneys were processed for histopathology. Results showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences between the groups in all the haematological parameters assayed. The PSME (50 mg/kg) led to significantly (p < 0.05) higher serum albumin level, and at 250 and 50 mg/kg, it led to significantly (p < 0.05) lower serum creatinine level and mild random vacoulation of the hepatocytes. The PSME at all doses used in the study led to significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weights and significantly (p < 0.05) lower relative spleen and heart weights. It also caused moderate hyperaemia of the renal cortex at 500 mg/kg. It was concluded that oral sub-chronic administration of graded doses of methanol leaf extract of P. santalinoides to albino rats is non-toxic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematology, serum biochemistry and histopathological findings associated with sub-chronic administration of methanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides DC in albino rats

Ihedioha¹,

Asuzu²,

Anaga³

et al. 2020

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…Alkaloid, flavonoid dan steroid yang diisolasi dari tumbuhan diketahui mempunyai aktivitas antimikroba terhadap organisme patogen. Ketiga golongan senyawa ini juga berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antidiare, anti inflamasi dan penghambat enzim [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . Tanin umumnya memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang kuat terhadap ragi, jamur dan bakteri.…”

Section: Hasil Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Krim Selama Penyimpananunclassified

Formulasi dan Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kapuk (Ceiba pentandra L.)

2021

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Jerawat merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis pada kulit, yang diperparah oleh infeksi bakteri seperti Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Banyaknya kasus resistensi bakteri menyebabkan perlunya antibakteri alternatif, antara lain dari tumbuhan kapuk (Ceiba pentandra L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh sediaan krim dengan bahan aktif ekstrak etanol daun kapuk yang efektif terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat dan stabil dalam penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahap determinasi tumbuhan dan penyiapan simplisia, ekstraksi simplisia, penapisan fitokimia ekstrak, pengujian aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak, penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Tumbuh Minimum (KHTM) ekstrak, orientasi basis krim, formulasi dan pengujian kualitas fisik sediaan krim, pengujian aktivitas antibakteri sediaan krim selama penyimpanan dan uji banding aktivitas antibakteri sediaan krim terhadap basis dan ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kapuk memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. epidermidis ATTC 12228 dan P. acnes isolat klinik dengan KHTM sebesar 0,125% dan 0,078% b/v. Sediaan krim diformulasi menggunakan basis F02 dengan penambahan ekstrak sebesar dua, tiga dan empat kali KHTM. Formula 1 (krim dengan 2x KHTM ekstrak) merupakan sediaan krim dengan kualitas fisik terbaik, karena tampilan organoleptis, pH dan viskositasnya stabil selama 30 hari pada suhu kamar serta tidak mengalami pemisahan fase selama satu tahun. Formula 3 (krim dengan 4x KHTM ekstrak) merupakan sediaan krim dengan aktivitas antibakteri terbaik, terutama terhadap P. acnes isolat klinik. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh formula krim dengan kandungan ekstrak etanol daun kapuk yang efektif terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat dan stabil selama penyimpanan.

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“…The flowers are light yellow and zygomorphic and the fruit is winged and dehiscent. The leaves and the dye "santalin" sources are used in the treatment of skin infections, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as an astringent [37,38,39]. In an investigation involving the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the leaf, root, seed and bark of P. santalinoides, the results showed considerable levels of inhibitory activities against the tested microorganisms with exception of Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum which were not sensitive to the extracts [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, a study by Odeh and Tor-Anyiin [41] on the leaf extracts of P. santalinoides showed antibacterial activities especially the ethanolic extract which exhibited higher zone of inhibition. Apart from bacterial pathogens, the ethanolic leaf extract has been found to show antitrypanosomal activity and exhibited no sign of toxicity on albino rats after acute toxicity test of a single dose of 2000 mg/kg at LC 50 [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial and Phytochemical Properties of Crude Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam., Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Herit DC and Ceiba pentandra L. on Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates in Nigeria

Njokuocha

Ewenike

2020

JOCAMR

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Aims: The study was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam., Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Herit DC and Ceiba pentandra L. on bacterial isolates; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methodology: The plant leaves were dried, pulverized and phytochemical tests were done according to standard laboratory procedure. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were obtained from 20 g of the of the ground leaves. Antibacterial assay was carried out with Disc diffusion method on seven concentrations of the extracts ;100,50,25,12.5, 6.25,3.125,1.5625 mg/ml and compared with standard antibiotics. Isolated bacterial pathogens; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.0 x 105 cfu /ml) were used as test organisms. Results: Alkaloids, steroidal aglycones, glycosides, proteins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, vitamins A and E were present in all the plant samples. Flavonoids and cardiac glycosides were not detected in Pterocarpus santalinoides and Ceiba pentandra, respectively. Anthracene glycoside was absent in all samples. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera showed antibacterial activities against all the bacterial isolates at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.125 mg/ml and 1.5625 mg/ml respectively. Pterocarpus santalinoides showed inhibitory activity only on Salmonella typhi at 3.125 mg/ml and Escherichia coli 1.5625 mg/ml MIC. Ceiba pentandra showed spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the bacterial isolates at 1.56 mg/ml MIC with exception of Salmonella typhi. E. coli was the most susceptible to the leaf extracts. Salmonella typhi was not sensitive to the leaf extracts of Ceiba pentandra, while Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not sensitive to the leaf extracts of Pterocarpus santalinoides. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts had antibacterial activity against the test organism, thus justifying their use in folklore medicine.

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Evaluation of antitrypanosomal activity of Pterocarpus santalinoides L’H'erit ex DC hydroethanol leaf extract in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Haematology, serum biochemistry and histopathological findings associated with sub-chronic administration of methanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides DC in albino rats

Haematology, serum biochemistry and histopathological findings associated with sub-chronic administration of methanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides DC in albino rats

Formulasi dan Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kapuk (Ceiba pentandra L.)

Antibacterial and Phytochemical Properties of Crude Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam., Pterocarpus santalinoides L’Herit DC and Ceiba pentandra L. on Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates in Nigeria

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