Evaluation of Apelin and Apelin Receptor Level in the Primary Tumor and Serum of Colorectal Cancer Patients

Podgórska, Marta; Diakowska, Dorota; Pietraszek-Gremplewicz, Katarzyna; Nienartowicz, Mirosław; Nowak, Dorota

doi:10.3390/jcm8101513

Cited by 15 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…During the past few years, several studies have shown a correlation between tumour growth and plasma levels or tumoral expression levels of apelin 38,39,40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apelin functions comprise blood vessels formation, energy metabolism, fluid homeostasis and blood pressure regulation 35‐37 . Recently, several correlation studies 38‐40 and one study of artificial apelin overexpression in cancer cells 41 have highlighted a potential implication of apelin in tumour progression. Strikingly, no study has analysed the impact of the obesity‐related increased levels of apelin on tumour growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity and triple‐negative‐breast‐cancer: Is apelin a new key target?

Gourgue

Mignion

Hul

et al. 2020

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Epidemiological studies have shown that obese subjects have an increased risk of developing triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) and an overall reduced survival. However, the relation between obesity and TNBC remains difficult to understand. We hypothesize that apelin, an adipokine whose levels are increased in obesity, could be a major factor contributing to both tumour growth and metastatization in TNBC obese patients. We observed that development of obesity under high‐fat diet in TNBC tumour‐bearing mice significantly increased tumour growth. By showing no effect of high‐fat diet in obesity‐resistant mice, we demonstrated the necessity to develop obesity‐related disorders to increase tumour growth. Apelin mRNA expression was also increased in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and tumours of obese mice. We further highlighted that the reproduction of obesity‐related levels of apelin in lean mice led to an increased TNBC growth and brain metastases formation. Finally, injections of the apelinergic antagonist F13A to obese mice significantly reduced TNBC growth, suggesting that apelinergic system interference could be an interesting therapeutic strategy in the context of obesity and TNBC.

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“…During the past few years, several studies have shown a correlation between tumour growth and plasma levels or tumoral expression levels of apelin 38,39,40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and triple‐negative‐breast‐cancer: Is apelin a new key target?

Gourgue

Mignion

Hul

et al. 2020

J Cellular Molecular Medi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Next, we studied the clinical relevance of our observations in preclinical models of murine and human melanoma. It has been reported that patients with different types of tumors had higher circulating apelin levels compared to healthy controls 26 , 36 – 38 , 48 . In line with these findings, we investigated the circulating apelin levels in patients with melanoma (n = 40) compared the healthy individuals (n = 21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apelin is significantly upregulated both in low and high grade gliomas 35 and also in gastroesophageal cancer 25 , 26 . Circulating apelin levels are significantly elevated in patients with breast, head and neck and colorectal cancers 36 – 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apelin promotes blood and lymph vessel formation and the growth of melanoma lung metastasis

Berta

Török

Tarnoki-Zach

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Apelin, a ligand of the APJ receptor, is overexpressed in several human cancers and plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and growth in various experimental systems. We investigated the role of apelin signaling in the malignant behavior of cutaneous melanoma. Murine B16 and human A375 melanoma cell lines were stably transfected with apelin encoding or control vectors. Apelin overexpression significantly increased melanoma cell migration and invasion in vitro, but it had no impact on its proliferation. In our in vivo experiments, apelin significantly increased the number and size of lung metastases of murine melanoma cells. Melanoma cell proliferation rates and lymph and blood microvessel densities were significantly higher in the apelin-overexpressing pulmonary metastases. APJ inhibition by the competitive APJ antagonist MM54 significantly attenuated the in vivo pro-tumorigenic effects of apelin. Additionally, we detected significantly elevated circulating apelin and VEGF levels in patients with melanoma compared to healthy controls. Our results show that apelin promotes blood and lymphatic vascularization and the growth of pulmonary metastases of skin melanoma. Further studies are warranted to validate apelin signaling as a new potential therapeutic target in this malignancy.

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“…Colon cancer secreted protein-2 (CCSP-2) combined with CEA has a superior ability to detect colorectal cancer than either alone ( 151 ). High serum apelin might indicate lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of colorectal cancer ( 152 ). Serum mindin levels are lower in patients with colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer than in healthy individuals, and elevated mindin levels can be used as a biomarker for predicting a favorable chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer ( 153 ).…”

Section: Secretory Proteins In Blood and Their Clinical Value As Biommentioning

confidence: 99%