Evaluation of blood and bone marrow in selected canine vector-borne diseases

Tommasi, Anna Sara De; Otranto, Domenico; Furlanello, Tommaso; Tasca, Silvia; Cantacessi, Cinzia; Breitschwerdt, Edward B.; Stanneck, Dorothee; Dantas‐Torres, Filipe; Baneth, Gad; Capelli, Gioia; Caprariis, Donato De

doi:10.1186/preaccept-1335140742127765

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The underlying bone marrow pathology in leishmaniasis‐associated pancytopoenia has yet to be fully elucidated. In previous studies in dogs with leishmaniasis and various blood mono‐ or bicytopoenias, bone marrow changes included myeloid hyperplasia, erythroid hypoplasia, erythrophagocytosis, mild‐to‐moderate dysplastic changes affecting all three haematopoietic lineages, megakaryocytic emperipolesis, lymphocytosis and plasmacytosis, but generalised bone marrow aplasia was not documented (Foglia Manzillo et al , Nicolato et al , De Tommasi et al ). In the present study, 8 of 10 dogs with leishmaniasis subject to bone marrow cytology examination were normocellular, one demonstrated severe megakaryocytic aplasia and a single dog had severe aplasia of all three lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pancytopoenia has been inconsistently reported in leishmaniasis, with 0 to 12% of the affected dogs being pancytopoenic on admission (Mylonakis et al , Petanides et al , De Tommasi et al ). Evidence provided in this study suggests that, in endemic areas, leishmaniasis may account for 23·5 and 33·6% of pancytopoenic dogs, when considered singly or in co‐occurrence with monocytic ehrlichiosis, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine pancytopoenia in a Mediterranean region: a retrospective study of 119 cases (2005 to 2013)

Frezoulis

Angelidou

Karnezi

et al. 2017

J of Small Animal Practice

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine pancytopoenia in a Mediterranean region: a retrospective study of 119 cases (2005 to 2013)

Frezoulis

Angelidou

Karnezi

et al. 2017

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…Its importance increases as regards the diagnosis of endemic infectious diseases, as in the present study location: canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) (SILVA et al, 2010;ALMEIDA et al, 2012). A variety of medullary responses to caused stress by various infections and parasitism have been related (DE TOMMASI et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Quantitative analysis of bone marrow in pancytopenic dogs

Girardi

Campos

Pescador

et al. 2017

SCA

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The pancytopenia can be associated with intra and extra medullary disorders. When the etiology is not obvious, the examination of bone marrow is necessary. The study aims to report and discuss quantitative amendments in bone marrow and their causes in dogs with pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspirate was obtained from 65 dogs with pancytopenia over a period of 13 consecutive months for preparation of smears stained by Giemsa and observed in light microscopy. Five hundred cells differential count was held; and assessed myeloid:erythroid ratio, cellularity, megakaryocytes and direct parasitological examination. The data were evaluated by the Chi-square statistical test. Blood tests of 3120 canines with several clinical changes were analyzed to identify pancytopenia, which accounted for 167 (5.4%) dogs. Interpretation of quantitative characteristics was carried out from the bone marrow smear in 65 pancytopenic dogs and the etiology was established in 40 (61.5%) of these, which included infection by E. canis and L. chagasi, idiopathic aplastic anemia, chronic renal failure and co-infections. In 17 (26.2%) animals were not observed medullary changes. The most bone marrow change was observed myeloid and erythroid hypoplasia in 17 (26.2%) dogs, followed by myeloid and erythroid hyperplasia (24.6%). The myelogram association to the blood cell count allowed the identification of medullary findings and its participation on the occurrence of pancytopenia cases. The number of cases resulting from infectious diseases was 38 (58.5%) in canine assessed: significant number due to its endemic characteristic of the study region. Key words: Cytology. Canine. Cytopenia. Hemoparasites. Myelogram. ResumoA pancitopenia pode estar associada a distúrbios intra e extra medulares. Quando a etiologia não é óbvia, o exame da medula óssea é necessário. Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar e discutir alterações quantitativas na medula óssea e suas causas em cães com pancitopenia. De 65 cães pancitopêncicos atendidos durante um período de 13 meses consecutivos, foram realizados aspirados de medula óssea, corados com Giemsa, e observados em microscopia de luz. Quinhentas células foram observadas para contagem diferencial, razão mieloide: eritróide, celularidade, megacariócitos e exame parasitológico direto. Os dados foram avaliados pelo teste estatístico Qui-quadrado. Hemograma de 3120 caninos com diversas alterações clínicas foram analisadas para identificar a pancitopenia, encontrada em 167 (5,4%) cães. A interpretação das características quantitativas foi realizada a partir do esfregaço de medula óssea em 65 cães pancitotopênicos e a etiologia foi estabelecida em 40 (61,5%), incluindo infecção por

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“…These features included splenomegaly, EMH, anemia, leukopenia, RBC anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, and hypercellularity, moderate fibrosis and clustering of atypical megakaryocytes, indicating abnormal megakaryopoiesis, in bone marrow. It should be noted that certain disorders, such as immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia and/or immune‐mediated thrombocytopaenia, lymphoma, drug toxicities, and infectious diseases have been associated with both secondary myelofibrosis and megakaryocytic dysplasia . Considering the lack of molecular testing for an extensive panel of infectious diseases as well as a Coomb's test (due financial constraints), secondary myelofibrosis potentially due to a nonregenerative immune‐mediated or infectious etiology could not be definitively excluded in this dog .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Idiopathic myelofibrosis accompanied by peritoneal extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as refractory ascites in a dog

Rautenbach

Goddard

Clift

2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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A 2.5-year-old spayed female American Pit Bull Terrier dog presented with a primary complaint of chronic refractory ascites. The dog's CBC displayed a moderate to severe macrocytic, hypochromic, nonregenerative anemia, and a moderate leukopenia as result of a moderate neutropenia and monocytopenia. Microscopic examination of the blood smear showed marked anisocytosis, mild polychromasia, mild acanthocytosis and ovalocytosis, moderate schistocytosis and poikilocytosis, and 4 metarubricytes/100 WBC. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a homogenous, mild to moderately hyperechoic appearing liver as well as marked amounts of speckled anechoic to slightly hypoechoic peritoneal fluid. Cytology of the ascitic fluid demonstrated a sterile transudate, with evidence of a chronic inflammatory reaction as well as erythroid and myeloid precursor cells, and a few megakaryocytes with occasional micromegakaryocytes. Histologic sections of bone marrow, spleen, and liver were examined, using routine H&E stains, as well as a variety of immunohistochemistry and other special stains. Histopathology of the bone marrow and spleen revealed varying degrees of fibrosis, erythroid, and myeloid hyperplasia, as well as multiple small hyperplastic clusters of megakaryocytes. The megakaryocytes displayed many features of atypia such as increased cytoplasmic basophilia and occasional abnormal chromatin clumping with mitoses. Histopathologic examination of the liver disclosed evidence of mild extramedullary hematopoiesis. This case represents the first report of canine idiopathic myelofibrosis associated with peritoneal extramedullary hematopoiesis, resulting in refractory ascites. Although idiopathic myelofibrosis is a relatively rare condition in dogs, this case demonstrates that ascites caused by peritoneal implants of hematopoietic tissue may be the initial manifestation of myelofibrosis.

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Evaluation of blood and bone marrow in selected canine vector-borne diseases

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Canine pancytopoenia in a Mediterranean region: a retrospective study of 119 cases (2005 to 2013)

Canine pancytopoenia in a Mediterranean region: a retrospective study of 119 cases (2005 to 2013)

Quantitative analysis of bone marrow in pancytopenic dogs

Idiopathic myelofibrosis accompanied by peritoneal extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as refractory ascites in a dog

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