Evaluation of cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of two artificial sweeteners by using eukaryotic test systems

Abstract

Considering the vast use of sweeteners by the Brazilian population and the constant need for toxicological studies of food additives, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potentials of the sodium saccharin and/or sodium cyclamate sweeteners in plant (Allium cepa) and animal (Mus musculus) test systems based on concentrations permitted by the Brazilian laws. In A. cepa, both the sweeteners individually and their combinations concentration and exposure time (ET: 48, 72 and 168 h) dependently exerted cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. Similarly, an increased in micronuclei formation was also observed by the sweeteners in peripheral blood cells in mice. More toxic effects were observed with the combination doses at 168 ET. There may be a synergistic effect and DNA damage with an increasing concentration and ET. In conclusion, the concentrations considered safe by the Brazilian laws had significant cytotoxic and mutagenic activity on the eukaryotic cells.

<i>Sonneratia apetala</i>: Its Ecology, Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities Including its Nano-formulations

“…Sonneratia apetala has been identified as possessing the dual characteristics of salt exclusion and salt accumulation 19 , as reported by Saenger in 1982 and Hutchings and Saenger in 1987. Like numerous other halophytes 20 , S. apetala can amass various non-ionic 21 and ionic 22 solutes within its cellular structure, resulting in the creation of an osmotic pressure that surpasses that of seawater. Macnae documented an osmotic pressure range of 6 to 8.5 MPa 23 , while the osmotic pressure of soil water was approximately 2.5 MPa in S. apetala.…”

Photochemical degradation of aqueous artificial sweeteners by UV/H2O2 and their biodegradability studies

“…These results suggest concerning neurological and other physiological changes in these organisms (Wiklund et al, 2014). As for other artificial sweeteners, CYC and SAC have been found to possess cytotoxic and mutagenic effects on Allium cepa and Mus musculus with environmentally relevant concentrations (Victor et al, 2017).…”