Evaluation of dietary creatine and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in juvenile red drumSciaenops ocellatus

Abstract

Two separate comparative feeding trials were conducted to evaluate if supplemental dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GDA), either singly or in combination with creatine, could enhance growth performance of red drum. The basal diet for both trials was formulated with practical ingredients but was not supplemented with creatine or GDA. For the experimental diets, creatine (0 or 20 g/kg) and GDA (0, 5 or 10 g/kg) were added to the basal diet in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement for trial 1. Another 2 × 3 experimental design was adopted in trial 2 to further evaluate creatine (0 or 20 g/kg) and GDA (0, 10 or 20 g/kg) supplementation. Each diet was fed to juvenile red drum in either quadruplicate (trial 1) or triplicate (trial 2) aquaria twice daily for a total of 8 weeks. After each feeding trial, fish were sampled for body condition indices and whole‐body composition analysis, as well as determination of plasma, liver and muscle creatine concentrations. In trial 1, dietary creatine supplementation alone significantly (p < .05) improved weight gain and feed efficiency of red drum. An interaction between creatine and GDA was seen in whole‐body protein and lipid in the two trials. In trial 1, the highest levels of whole‐body protein and lipid were observed in fish fed 10 g GDA/kg, and in trial 2, supplementation of the diet with 10 g GDA/kg increased muscle protein and muscle lipid although there was a trending decline in fish fed the 20 g/kg GDA‐supplemented diet. In both trials of the present study, dietary GDA significantly (p < .05) enhanced liver creatine content. Dietary creatine also significantly (p < .05) enhanced plasma and muscle creatine content of red drum. Based on the results of this study, creatine was effective in enhancing weight gain and feed efficiency of red drum as seen in previous studies; however, GDA was not effective in influencing growth performance but limited synthesis of creatine from dietary GDA was apparent.

Effect of guanidine acetic acid on meat quality, muscle amino acids, and fatty acids in Tibetan pigs

“…In our study, the effect of GAA on the marbling score and IMF was the same, with a trend toward improvement. GAA supplementation increased the IMF content in LT of Tibetan pigs by 75.12%, which was similar to previous studies showing that the IMF content was significantly increased in pigs and fish fed GAA ( 10 , 24 ). In addition, GAA did not alter the protein nutrition of Tibetan pigs, which was consistent with previous studies ( 5 , 25 ) claiming that GAA had no significant effect on muscle chemical composition.…”

Dietary Creatine Reduces Lipid Accumulation by Improving Lipid Catabolism in the Herbivorous Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

“…A previous study showed that fat accumulation increased when tissue creatine decreased in GC upon faba bean consumption [29], suggesting a negative correlation between fat accumulation and creatine. However, our results are not consistent with the red drum carnivorous fish [12,13]. The difference between these two results may be (1) fish specific; GC are herbivorous fish that may not tolerate higher levels of creatine in the body;…”

“…A study in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) shows that dietary creatine produces no improvements in muscle performance as it does in mammals but alters physiological protein expression (such as in lipid metabolism, metabolic pathways, and in cell processes) in the liver [11]. Interestingly, appropriate amounts of creatine in the diet improved growth and feeding efficiency of carnivorous red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) [12,13], whereas there were no obvious differences in regard to the lipid accumulation in the whole body or muscle in this fish species. Dietary creatine can reduce the serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)…”

Metabolites, gene expression and gut microbiota profiles suggest the putative mechanisms via which dietary creatine increases the serum taurine and g- ABA contents in Megalobrama amblycephala

“…. This was consistent with studies conducted on Sciaenops ocellatus, Sparus aurata, and pigs(James et al 2002;Schaffer et al 2009;Stites et al 2020), but some other studies found that creatine supplementation improved the growth performance of red Betaine supplementation can alleviate the negative impacts of HCD, including improving the growth parameters and liver condition in M. amblycephala(Xu et al 2017). Creatine supplementation can also improve the liver damage caused by a high-fat diet in mice (da Silva et al 2017…”