Evaluation of Different Biological Activities of Leaves of Ehretia Acuminata R. Br.

Abstract

Ehretia acuminata R. Br. is a plant with alternative medicinal properties, commonly found in Asian, African and North American countries. The present study was undertaken to prepare crude extracts of E. acuminata leaves with different polarity solvents (petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CH), ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol (EOL) and aqua (AQ)) by using successive Soxhelet extraction method and assessing antidiabetic, antiinflammatory and antihemolytic activities by the spectrophotometric method and antimicrobial activity by the zone inhibition method. The highest antidiabetic activity was found in the chloroform extract (IC50 260-265 µg/mL) and the lowest was in the aqueous extract (IC50 1560-1550 µg/mL). In anti-inflammatory assay, highest potential was shown by ethyl acetate (IC50 290 µg/mL) extract and lowest in petroleum ether (IC50 750µg/mL) extract. The zone of inhibition is highest in ethanol extract (12-18mm) by different food poisoning microbes, similarly, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest potential in antihemolytic activity with IC50 90 µg/mL. Many extracts of E. acuminata leaves showed a high biological potential that could be attributed to the high amount of phytoconstituents and thus could be utilized as value added functional food.

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“…32,53 TFC value was reported to be the lowest was reported by the fruit ex- Several researchers were also comparing the effect of the solvents on the TFC values. 2,27,35,39,40,50 A similar pattern in the effect of solvents was observed in the results of TFC and TPC.…”

“…27 In the report by Shukla and coresearchers, the TPC contents were increased from petroleum ether to ethanol, chloroform, aqueous, and ethyl acetate extract of E.acuminata. 39 This was also reported by Ryan and co-researchers for their studies on the TPC contents of A. bilimbi Linn, where the TPC contents were hexane < aqueous < ethyl acetate. 50 This can be explained due to the natural phenols displaying a better solubility in the intermediate polarity solvents as compared to the more polar solvent such as water or less polar solvents such as hexane.…”

“…27 In the study on the leaves extract of E. acuminata, the ethyl acetate extract was reported to contain the highest TFC, followed by ethanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether. 39 This was also observed in the ethyl acetate extract of the fruits of A.bilimbi Linn which showed the highest TFC as compared to n-hexane and aqueous extract. 50 It is worth mentioning that anthocyanin, a phenolic pigment is commonly found in colored plants, thus, the determination of total anthocyanin content (TAC) may be carried out.…”

“…Table 2 exposed that the different parts of the plants were also having different values of TFC. Comparing the analysis using the quercetin standard, the leaves extract of D. racemose was reported to have the highest TFC of 146.60 ± 5.5 mg QE/g, while the lowest within the leaves extract was reported by the leaves of E. acuminata at 0.05 mg QE/100 g 39,43 . Comparing the bark extracts that use the quercetin standard namely A. tinctorial L., A. cearensis , A. cuspa , A. pyrifolium , C. americana , D. sissoo , P. cineraria , and S. nigra L., the bark extract of S. nigra L. was reported to be the highest (81.43 ± 2.7 mg QE/g) while the bark extract of P. cineraria was the lowest at 1.23 ± 0.34 mg QE/g.…”

“…It was reported that ethyl acetate extract (99 μg/mL) showed a more potent scavenger of free radicals compared to chloroform (270 μg/ mL), petroleum ether (510 μg/mL), ethanol (550 μg/mL), and aqueous (940 μg/mL). 39 The phytochemical compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids are responsible for the radical scavenging activity of Budiman et al . 2,52 In phytochemical screening, they found alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins, as well as monoterpene and sesquiterpene in their studies.…”