Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against the sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

Abstract

IntroductionCoastal zones, considered to be a valuable economic and environmental resource for human and marine habitats, are the most dynamic natural environment of any region on earth. Changes in the ocean-climate system and increasing human activities in these regions make the coastal areas more susceptible to natural hazards and more costly to live in. One of the most serious problems is the accelerated sea level rise and its resulting physical impacts on the coastal zones. Any rise in the mean sea level may result in the retreat of unprotected coastlines due to coastal inundation, erosion, and increased storm flooding (Nicholls et al. 1995). As emphasized in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4), the global sea level rose by 1.8 to 3.1 mm/year during the last century and present estimates of future rise range from 18 cm to 59 cm by the year 2100 (Solomon et al. 2007). Low lying areas such as beach ridges, coastal plains, deltas, estuaries, lagoons, and bays would be the areas that would suffer the most as a result of the enhanced sea level rise. Thus, it is essential to quantify the response of coastal systems to sea level change, as well as to assess the potential threats posed to human and marine biodiversity.A near global comparative analysis by Dasgupta et al. (2007) regarding the impact of permanent inundation due to sea level rise on 84 developing countries revealed that hundreds of millions of people in the developing world are likely to be displaced by a sea level rise of 1 to 5 m within this century. Accompanying economic and ecological damage will be severe for many. Approximately 0.3% (194,000 km 2 ) of the territory of the 84 developing countries would be impacted by a 1-m rise. This would increase to 1.2% in areas where the sea level rose 5 m. Nearly 56 million people (approximately 1.28% of the population) in these countries would be impacted under a 1-m rise scenario. This would increase to 89 million people for 2 m and 245 million people (approximately 5.57%) for a 5-m rise. The impact of sea level rise on gross domestic product (GDP) is slightly greater than the impact on population, because GDP per capita is generally above average for coastal populations and cities. Wetlands would experience significant impact even with a 1-m rise. Up to 7.3% of wetlands in the 84 countries would be impacted Abstract: With the rising sea level becoming a more pressing issue to coastal areas, a comprehensive analysis has been conducted to assess the vulnerability of the Çukurova Delta under the projected inundation by the end of the century. The level of inundation was estimated from a multimission satellite altimetry sea level anomaly and significant wave height data between September 1992 and February 2012. Superposed to the clear annual oscillation with 6.2 cm amplitude peaking around the beginning of October, the mean sea level signal exhibits a positive trend of 3.4 ± 0.1 mm/year over the altimetric data period. The extreme wave height with a 100-year ...

Efficacy of native entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea, against bark and ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

“…In summary, EPF did not only cause mortality of adult beetles outside in the host trees but also decreased beetles' population through infecting next-generation broods in the galleries. Sevim et al (2013) indicated that EPF were more likely to have ecological compatibility with pests due to their geographical locations and habitats. In addition, The Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, which has largest hazelnuts growing area of Turkey, has favorable environmental conditions to use EPF in biocontrol of A. dispar and X. germanus, because it is rainy and humid and has low annual temperatures (Erper et al 2016).…”

Molecular characterization, virulence and horizontal transmission of Beauveria pseudobassiana from Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…Because this region has favourable environmental conditions to use fungal entomopathogens as it has a wet, humid climate and lower annual temperatures (Sevim et al. ).…”

“…Considering this information, it is possible to say that B. pseudobassiana ARSEF 9271 seems to be good candidate for controlling D. micans in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Because this region has favourable environmental conditions to use fungal entomopathogens as it has a wet, humid climate and lower annual temperatures (Sevim et al 2013).…”

Virulence and horizontal transmission of Beauveria pseudobassiana S.A. Rehner & Humber in Ips sexdentatus and Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…Entomopathogenic microorganisms are an attractive, effective, and environmentally safe alternative to control many pest species in both agriculture and forestry because they are safe for animals, plants, and the environment (Lacey, 2012;Vega and Kaya, 2012). To date, many pathogens have been isolated from insects and their insecticidal effects have been determined in agricultural and forest pests (Demir et al, 2002Ince et al, 2007;Sevim et al, 2010aSevim et al, , 2010bSevim et al, , 2010dSevim et al, , 2013Danismazoglu et al, 2012;Demirci et al, 2013). Among these, fungal entomopathogens have been improved as biopesticides, and they have been used effectively in pest management systems for a long time (Barlett and Jaronski, 1988;Flexner and Belnavis, 2000;Lacey and Kaya 2007;Zimmermann, 2007;Vega and Kaya, 2012).…”