Evaluation of environment-assisted cracking susceptibility of a grade X100 pipeline steel

Mustapha, A.; Charles, E.A.; Hardie, D. Grahame

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2011.08.030

Cited by 62 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The ductility will decrease and an unpredictable failure may occur in the presence of hydrogen in steels [18,19]. Numerous studies on the HE of high strength steels have been carried out in various environments such as stress corrosion cracking in an aqueous or H 2 S and charging in H 2 gas or an aqueous solution in order to understand well the mechanism of hydrogen induced failure of these steels [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. It is generally accepted that HE of steels correlates closely with the attractive interactions between hydrogen atoms and structural imperfections in crystals, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tungsten on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of microalloyed steels

2014

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The effects of tungsten (W) additions (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt.%) on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of microalloyed steels were systematically investigated by means of slow strain rate tests on circumferentially notched cylindrical specimens, and the mechanism of hydrogen-induced embrittlement was discussed. W addition is found to increase the activation energy of hydrogen desorption. Microstructural features affect the hydrogen embrittlement behaviour and fracture modes of microalloyed steels. It is suggested that the hydrogen-induced embrittlement in the studied microalloyed steels with different W additions is caused by the combined effects of decohesion and internal pressure in the presence of hydrogen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tungsten on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of microalloyed steels

2014

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“…Mahdi et al [32] investigated the effect of temperature on erosion-enhanced pitting corrosion behaviour of API X100 steel. Their result showed that the pitting potential decreased, whereas the pitting current densities increased when the electrolyte temperature was increased from 22 • C to 35 • C. Several researchers [33][34][35] have investigated the corrosion behaviour of the API X100 steel material in different environments. However, the erosion behaviour of this type of steel is limited in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Okonkwo

Shakoor

Zagho

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:Erosion is the gradual removal of material due to solid particle impingement and results in a failure of pipeline materials. In this study, a series of erosion tests were carried out to investigate the influence of particle speed and impact angle on the erosion mechanism of API X100 pipeline steel. A dry erosion machine was used as the test equipment, while the particle speed ranged from 20 to 80 m/s and impact angles of 30 • and 90 • were used as test parameters. The eroded API X100 steel surface was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The weight loss and erosion rate were also investigated. The results showed that at a 90 • impact angle, a ploughing mechanism was occurring on the tested specimens, while material removal through low-angle cutting was the dominant mechanism at lower impact angles. Embedment of alumina particles on the target steel surface, micro-cutting, and low-angle cutting were observed at low impact angles. Therefore, the scratches, cuttings, and severe ploughings observed on some failed oil and gas pipelines could be attributed to the erosion mechanism.

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“…It has been reported that the SCC in land soil are dived into two types. The first type happens due to the effect of anodic dissolution in high pH solution among the grain boundaries [11,48,49]. The second one, however, occurs due to the combination effect of anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement in near neutral pH solution [50,51].…”

Section: Type Of Environment On the Scc Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Parameters on Initiation and Propagation of Stress Corrosion Cracks in Pipeline Steels: A Review

Mohtadi-Bonab

2019

Metals

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The demand for pipeline steels has increased in the last several decades since they were able to provide an immune and economical way to carry oil and natural gas over long distances. There are two important damage modes in pipeline steels including stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC). The SCC cracks are those cracks which are induced due to the combined effects of a corrosive environment and sustained tensile stress. The present review article is an attempt to highlight important factors affecting the SCC in pipeline steels. Based on a literature survey, it is concluded that many factors, such as microstructure of steel, residual stresses, chemical composition of steel, applied load, alternating current (AC) current and texture, and grain boundary character affect the SCC crack initiation and propagation in pipeline steels. It is also found that crystallographic texture plays a key role in crack propagation. Grain boundaries associated with {111}∥rolling plane, {110}∥rolling plane, coincidence site lattice boundaries and low angle grain boundaries are recognized as crack resistant paths while grains with high angle grain boundaries provide easy path for the SCC intergranular crack propagation. Finally, the SCC resistance in pipeline steels is improved by modifying the microstructure of steel or controlling the texture and grain boundary character.

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Evaluation of environment-assisted cracking susceptibility of a grade X100 pipeline steel

Cited by 62 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of tungsten on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of microalloyed steels

Effects of tungsten on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of microalloyed steels

Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

Effects of Different Parameters on Initiation and Propagation of Stress Corrosion Cracks in Pipeline Steels: A Review

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