“…Establishing the main determinants of economic growth is one of the key research questions of interest to scientists since the time of Smith (2007). There are a large number of works that study the factors and causes of the development of economic systems, among which are basic indicators such as human capital (Mankiw et al, 1992;Basu and Bhattarai, 2012;Ahuru and James, 2015); scientific and technological progress (Goncharova and Bezdenezhnykh, 2018;Zhou and Luo, 2018), digitalization and innovation (Dvas and Dubolazova, 2018;Rudskaya and Rodionov, 2018;Akinwale et al, 2020), effective institutions and investments (Tebaldi and Mohan, 2008;Kapustina et al, 2016;Karpenko, 2019;Kudryavtseva et al, 2020), natural resources and favorable geographic location (Alkhathlan, 2013;Tukan et al, 2015;Bhattarai and Taloba, 2017;Ushakov et al, 2019); spatial effects (Bernat, 1996;Niebuhr, 2003).…”