“…The optimization algorithm chosen for the optimization in this paper is a single objective genetic algorithm (GA). Although the new toolkit EPANET2-ETTAR could be linked to any optimization algorithm that requires an external hydraulic software to simulate the solutions, GAs have been selected as they have been extensively applied to water distribution system problems (Goldberg and Kuo, 1987;Savic et al 1997;Kazantzis et al 2002;Sadatiyan Abkenar et al 2014). Here it is important to note that, as with many other evolutionary algorithms, GAs require a set of parameters (population size, Pop.Size, maximum number of iterations, No.Gen, probability of crossover, Pc, and probability of mutation, Pm) and the specification of the type of selection, crossover and mutation operators.…”