Evaluation of glutathione S-transferase polymorphism in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetic microangiopathy

Abstract

Background: Overproduction of reactive oxygen species as a result of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus leads to microvascular complications. Glutathione S-transferases play important detoxifying roles with antioxidant potentials. This study aimed to assess whether the glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genotypes were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus microangiopathic complications in the Iranian population. Results: In this case-control study, the frequencies of null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were 4/72 (5.56%) and 12/ 72 (16.67%) respectively, in uncomplicated DM group. The frequencies of null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype in complicated DM group were 16/134 (11.94%) and 37/134 (27.61%), respectively. The proportion of GSTM1 null genotypes was higher in diabetic nephropathy compared to non-nephropathy (19.3% vs. 6.04 %, P = 0.006). At GSTT1 locus, patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy had a higher frequency of deletion compared to those of without neuropathy (30.39% vs. 23.49%) (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Selective polymorphisms encoding GSTM1 and GSTT1genes may prove useful as genetic markers to recognize individuals with an increased trend in developing diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy, respectively. This will help better identify individuals at higher risk toward microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes due to genetic susceptibility.

A case-control study and systematic review of the association between glutathione S-transferase genes and chronic kidney disease

“…We conducted this subanalysis to reduce the potential arbitrariness. Three studies [ 18 , 40 , 44 ] had both healthy controls and selected controls. Data synthesis of these studies was recalculated.…”

“…Deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 result in a lack of enzyme activities, and the G allele of GSTP1 (rs1695, p. Ile105Val) reduces its enzymatic activity by 50%–70 % compared to the wild-type [ [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] ]. Many case‒control studies have been reported, and some of them showed significant associations between GST polymorphisms and CKD risk [ 10 , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] ]. To extend our prospective study, this study was warranted.…”

Association of Polymorphisms in Antioxidant Enzyme-Encoding Genes with Diabetic Nephropathy in a Group of Saudi Arabian Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

“…Oxidative stress has been reported to be an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of diabetic complications. 20 …”

Evaluation of Insulin Resistance and Glutathione-S-transferase in Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

“…As the oxidative stress increased the formation of free radicals and the weakening of the free radical inhibitors and scavengers would in turn, increase the oxidative stress leading to cell damage and death [36]. Regarding to the study by Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh et al [37] the GSTT1null genotype was considerably more common in diabetic neuropathy patients than in nonneuropathic individuals. The involvement of the GSTT1-null genotype in predisposing patients with T2DM was a higher risk factor for diabetic neuropathy.…”