Evaluation of induced pericardial effusion by reflected ultrasound

Klein, Jack J.; Raber, George T.; Shimada, Hideaki; Kingsley, Benedict; Segal, Bernard L.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(68)90246-4

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…'5 The changes in ultrasonic dimension during the remainder of the cardiac cycle corresponded with changes in left ventricular volume and were in agreement with previous studies.' 19 20 Wall Thickness Good agreement has been reported previously between the end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness measured by ultrasound and measurements made at operation or autopsy.7 12 The increase in left ventricular wall thickness during ejection was approximately 65% in the present study. A similar figure of 60-70% was obtained by an angiographic method.21 However, direct methods of measuring the systolic increase in left ventricular wall thickness used in animals have shown a systolic increase of approximately 20-30%.…”

Section: Motion Of the Left Ventricular Wallssupporting

confidence: 78%

Analysis of Left Ventricular Wall Motion by Reflected Ultrasound

1972

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Ultrasound echocardiograms from the septal and posterior left ventricular walls were displayed with a simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, and indirect carotid pulse. These echoes differed in both amplitude and waveform. The contour of the posterior wall echo resembled an inverted ventricular volume curve, while the septal echo was of smaller amplitude and had a characteristic notched appearance. Most of the movement of the left ventricular walls relative to the ultrasound transducer was attributable to systolic contraction and diastolic expansion of the cavity. However, superimposed on this motion due to change in cavity size was movement of the left ventricle as a whole, first anteriorly toward the ultrasound transducer during late systole then posteriorly away from it at the beginning of left ventricular relaxation. These movements added to the amplitude of posterior wall motion but subtracted from the motion of the septum and were responsible for the notch in the waveform of this echo. Attachment superiorly to the aortic root might also have limited septal motion which was less near the base than nearer the apex of the left ventricle.The internal left ventricular dimension measured by ultrasound was standardized by using the mitral valve as a landmark and by recording the motion of the left side of the interventricular septum and endocardial surface of the posterior left ventricular wall simultaneously. This measurement was reproducible. In normal subjects, the ultrasonic dimension measured 4.40 + 0.28 cm at the beginning of systole and shortened by 35.5 3.9% at a rate of 1.22 0.31 lengths/sec. By contrast, the average figures for six patients with primary myocardial disease were 6.96 + 0.43 cm, 14.9 + 4.2%, and 0.64 + 0.11 lengths/sec. Calculation of such indices of left ventricular size and of rate and extent of myocardial shortening should be useful in the detection of impaired myocardial function and in following its progress. 14 outflow tra artery; he Myocardial function and with the use of the technic to severity of mitral stenosis.' Edler ly described the echoes arising tricuspid valve, left ventricular ct, aortic valve, and pulmonary also recognized the abnormal

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Section: Motion Of the Left Ventricular Wallssupporting

confidence: 78%

Analysis of Left Ventricular Wall Motion by Reflected Ultrasound

1972

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“…Echocardiography has previously been shown to be a more sensitive means than radiography for detection of pericardial effusion,3.4 primarily because echocardiography is not usually affected by pleural effusion and allows detection of small (50 ml) quantities of pericardial fluid in dogs . 16 Previous studies 3 ,4 have reported that approximately 40% of intrapericardial tumors can be detected with two-dimensional echocardiography. The low percentage of intrapericardial tumors that were detected echocardiographically in this study (1/6 dogs) may be related to reluctance on the part of owners to consent to surgery when tumors were seen echocardiographically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pericardiectomy in dogs: 22 cases (1978–1994)

Kerstetter,

Krahwinkel,

Millis

et al. 1997

javma

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Objective To determine long-term outcome of dogs with neoplastic and nonneoplastic pericardial disease that undergo pericardiectomy. Design Retrospective study. Animals 22 dogs. Procedure Dogs that underwent pericardiectomy and in which the diagnosis had been confirmed histologically were included. Data collected from each record included signalment, history, clinical signs, results of diagnostic evaluations, operative management, postoperative complications, histologic diagnosis, and outcome. Dogs were grouped on the basis of underlying cause of pericardial disease (neoplastic vs nonneoplastic), and survival times were determined by means of Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results 9 dogs had neoplastic pericardial disease (chemodectoma, 4; hemangiosarcoma, 2; malignant mesothelioma, 2; lymphoblastic lymphoma, 1). Thirteen dogs had nonneoplastic pericardial disease (benign idiopathic pericarditis, 10; lymphocytic-plasmacytic pericarditis, 2; osseous metaplasia of unknown cause, 1). Thoracic radiography and echocardiography were the most specific methods for diagnosis of pericardial effusion. Pleural effusion was the most common postoperative complication (8/22 dogs). Prevalence of postoperative complications was not associated with underlying cause of pericardial disease, surgical approach, or surgical procedure (subtotal vs total pericardiectomy). Median survival time of dogs with neoplastic disease (52 days) was significantly shorter than median survival time of dogs with nonneoplastic disease (792 days). Dogs that developed pleural effusion > 30 days after pericardiectomy had a poor prognosis for survival. Clinical Implications Radiography and echocardiography are useful for diagnosis of pericardial effusion in dogs. Dogs with neoplastic pericardial disease have a significantly shorter survival time than do dogs with nonneoplastic pericardial disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:736–740)

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Unsuspected Substantial Pericardial Effusions Detected by Echocardiography

Riba¹

1976

JAMA

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Evaluation of induced pericardial effusion by reflected ultrasound

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Analysis of Left Ventricular Wall Motion by Reflected Ultrasound

Analysis of Left Ventricular Wall Motion by Reflected Ultrasound

Pericardiectomy in dogs: 22 cases (1978–1994)

Unsuspected Substantial Pericardial Effusions Detected by Echocardiography

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