“…Based on the biochemistry and microbiology of biological processes, kinetic studies provide a rational basis for process analysis, control, and design. A kinetic model is currently being developed to assist in the design and optimization of processes in reactors (Abyar et al, 2017;Gnanapragasam et al, 2017;Jafarzadeh et al, 2009;Mansouri, 2014;Narra et al, 2014). The kinetic model is also considered feasible and suitable for approaches to removal performance, prediction of effluent concentration, and optimization of biological processes (Cho et al, 2020;Mansouri, 2014;Rodziewicz et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2016).…”