Evaluation of mixing ratio and frequency of turning in the co-composting of biowaste with sugarcane filter cake and star grass

Effects of Turning Frequency on Ammonia Emission during the Composting of Chicken Manure and Soybean Straw

“…In this study, the whole composting process could be divided into four phases, namely, mesophilic phase (21-40 • C, days 0-1), thermophilic phase (35-65 • C, days 2-17), cooling phase (65-40 • C, days [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and maturation phase (40-25 • C, days 36-43) according to the temperature variation trend of composting. These are consistent with other researcher's results [45].…”

“…These results were in accordance with the previous studies. It has been shown that premature turning delayed time to achieve high temperatures and turning too late was not helpful for the temperature rising again and the high temperature keeping during composting [25,46]. Notably, such high TF aeration surplus as CMS1 treatment not only increased the costs of energy but also decreased the temperature of the composting pile quickly, hindering the thermophilic phase achievement [47].…”

“…Soto-Paz et al also found that it took less time to reach the maximum temperature with higher TF when he investigated the effects of TF (1, 2 and 3 turnings/week) on co-composting of biowaste and sugarcane filter-cake. It is thought that the increasing TF may reduce compaction and ensure aeration inside piles, which further results in higher biological activity and consequently larger heat release [25]. However, higher frequency of turning may cause more depletion of degradable materials attributed to a higher heat, water loss and NH 3 emission through evaporation and convection.…”

“…However, higher frequency of turning may cause more depletion of degradable materials attributed to a higher heat, water loss and NH 3 emission through evaporation and convection. Turning the compost material more frequently from once weekly to daily could cause more loss of TN, but this varied with different cases [25]. Both excessive and less turning could significantly affect the decomposition of piles through reducing material temperature and humidity, which reduces the loss of nutrients, results in long fermentation period and bad quality of the final product [19,26].…”

Manejo sostenible de subproductos agroindustriales y estrategias tecnológicas de bioconversión

“…La pila se formó con una disposición piramidal-rectangular con base inferior de 1,40 m x 1,80 m, una altura de 0,8 m y una base superior de 0,7 m x 1,2 m; esta estructura se mantuvo durante los volteos efectuados al material, mismos que se realizaron semanalmente para promover el proceso de aireación, hasta concluidos 30 días de acuerdo a Debernardi-Vazquez et al (2020). El volteó permitió favorecer la pérdida de agua derivada del intercambio gaseoso y la descomposición de los materiales de la pila, al mismo tiempo, la aireación del sustrato para generar las condiciones idóneas que permitieron el desarrollo de los microorganismos termófilos en el interior de la pila (Soto-Paz et al 2019;Azim et al 2018). Durante el proceso llevado a cabo por triplicado se monitoreó la temperatura en la superficie, el centro y la base de la pila, así como la pérdida de humedad del sustrato para el control del experimento.…”