Evaluation of origanum oil, hydrolysable tannins and tea saponin in mitigating ruminant methane: In vitro and in vivo methods

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of origanum oil (ORO), hydrolysable tannins (HYT) and tea saponin (TES) on methane (CH 4 ) emission, rumen fermentation, productive performance and gas exchange in sheep by using in vitro and in vivo methods. The ORO, HYT and TES additive levels were normalized per kg dry matter (DM) in both in vitro and in vivo experiments: ORO‐0, 10, 20 and 40 ml/kg; HYT‐0, 15, 30 and 60 g/kg; and TES‐0, 15, 30 and 60 g/kg, respectively. During in vitro incubation, 40 ml/kg ORO linearly decreased CH 4 emission ( p < 0.05); 20 and 40 ml/kg ORO cubically decreased carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) production ( p < 0.05), and rumen pH was cubically raised with the increasing ORO additive level ( p < 0.01). The 60 g/kg HYT cubically decreased CH 4 production ( p < 0.05). The pH of 60 g/kg HYT was higher than that of 15 and 30 g/kg ( p < 0.01); the pH of 20 g/kg TES was higher than that of 5 g/kg ( p < 0.05). In the in vivo experiments, 40 ml/kg ORO inhibited dry matter intake ( p < 0.01) cubically and reduced average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) cubically ( p < 0.05), and 20 or 40 ml/kg ORO linearly decreased CH 4 production based on per day or metabolic weight (W 0.75 ) ( p < 0.05). Both 30 and 60 g/kg HYT linearly inhibited CH 4 emission on the bases of per day and W 0.75 ( p < 0.05). The 20 g/kg TES improved the apparent digestibility of crude protein ( p < 0.05), 10 and 20 g/kg of TES decreased CH 4 emission ( p < 0.05), and 5 g/kg of TES reduced O 2 consumption and CO 2 production ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, these three plant extracts all showed the abilities on mitigating CH 4 emission of sheep with appropriate additive ranges.

Essential Oils as a Dietary Additive for Small Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis on Performance, Rumen Parameters, Serum Metabolites, and Product Quality

“…These produce high levels of hemicellulases and cellulases [46] and have the ability to penetrate the cell wall to enhance cellulose degradation [47]. Likewise, Zhang et al [48] reported a higher ruminal concentration of cellulase, lipase, and β-glucosidase in the ruminal fluid of beef cattle supplemented with EOs. In vitro studies [49,50] have shown that EOs increase the relative abundance of Succinivibrio bacteria, which have a positive correlation with DMD, NDFD, and ADFD in dairy cows [51].…”

“…It has been reported that, under in vitro conditions, dietary inclusion of EOs decreases the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum bacteria [49], which are negatively correlated with propionate concentration in rumen fluid [69]. Zhang et al [48] reported that, in beef cattle, dietary supplementation with EOs increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron bacteria, which increased ruminal propionate concentration. Similar effects of EO consumption in the present meta-analysis would partially explain the higher rumen propionate concentration observed.…”

The Utilisation of Tannin Extract as a Dietary Additive in Ruminant Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis

“…A number of experiments have demonstrated the methane-mitigating property of tannin. For instance, Zhang et al [ 10 ] found that the supplementation of 60 g/kg extracted hydrolysable tannin (HT) from Chinese nutgall decreased methane production up to 30–36% in sheep, while Pineiro-Vazquez et al [ 11 ] found that the supplementation of 30 g/kg extracted condensed tannin (CT) from Mimosa decreased sheep methane production up to 38%. However, there were contrasting results regarding the methane mitigating effect of tannin; some other experiments did not observe any reduction in the methane emissions of ruminants after being supplemented with tannin.…”

Mitragyna speciosa Korth Leaf Pellet Supplementation on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle

“…In comparison to low or medium doses, high concentrations of CT and SP considerably lower voluntary feed intake and animal performance. This is based on the variability of the dietary phytogenic compounds content [ 33 , 34 ]. Yang et al [ 4 ] found that when CT was added to the diet of beef cattle, it reduced the amount of CH 4 that was released from the rumen, the relative abundance of protozoa, methanogens and Ruminococcus albus to the overall bacterial 16S rDNA, as well as the digestibility of DM, OM and CP.…”