Eight and 18 months after police officers had responded to a civilian plane crash, we assessed symptomatology in 46 debriefed and 59 non‐debriefed officers, using structured clinical interviews. The two groups did not differ in recalled preevent or postevent distress. Eight months postdisaster, debriefed and non‐debriefed officers did not diverge significantly on post‐traumatic stress symptomatology. Eighteen months postdisaster, however, those who had undergone debriefing exhibited significantly more disaster‐related hyperarousal symptoms. We discuss research findings on post‐traumatic stress and debriefing, and make some recommendations for crisis intervention following trauma and for further research on the topic. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.