Evaluation of Quality and Some Agronomic Traits of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines and Cultivars under Kahramanmaraş Ecological Conditions

Abstract

In this study, eight promising advanced bread wheat genotypes derived from breeding programs and Ceyhan-99, Sagittario, Masaccio, and Seri-82 commercial cultivars were used as materials. The experiments were carried out in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 cropping years in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the study, some agronomic and quality traits were investigated. Bread wheat genotypes varied significantly for all investigated traits in terms of the year, genotype, and year x genotype interactions. Based on average data, the investigated traits were determined as; plant height (PH) 90.86 cm, spike length (SL) 9.40 cm, spikelet number (SN) 18.90, grain number per spike (GNS) 56.22, grain weight per spike (GWP) 1.95 g, thousand kernel weight (TKW) 34.90 g, grain yield (GY) 654.54 kg/da, test weight (TW) 76.17 kg/hl, protein ratio (PO) 12.28%, wet gluten (WG) 34.16% and Zeleny sedimentation (ZS) 33.87 ml. According to the two-year results, the highest PH (102.8 cm) was obtained from the Ceyhan-99 cultivar, while ZDEB106 genotype had the longest spike length (9.83 cm) and the highest spikelet number (19.93). ZDEB108 genotype had the highest values in GNS (63.25), GWS (2.24 g), and test weight (77.73 kg hl-1). On the other hand, ZDEB103 genotype was the highest in PO (14 %), WGR (44.28 %) and ZS (40.78 ml). Again, ZDEB101 genotype had the highest TKW (39.255 g), while the highest grain yield (754.56 kg da-1) was obtained from the Massacio cultivar. On the other hand, principal component (PC1 and PC2) analysis explained 62.4 % of the total variation. Thus, a positive correlation was determined between GY with TKW, TW, and PH, while the other traits were negatively correlated with GY.

GRAIN - BRAN QUALITY PARAMETERS and AGRONOMIC TRAITS of BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

“…Test weight changes according to factors such as genotypic performance, environmental conditions, agricultural techniques, illnesses, and pests. Furthermore, biotic and abiotic factors that cause the wheat grain to remain tiny influence the test weight (Yuce et al, 2022). Furthermore, while environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature during the growing season influence test weight, structural characteristics of the grain such as grain filling, length of vegetation period, grain size and shape, abdominal cavity, and wrinkling also influence it (Aguirre et al, 2002).…”

Heat Stress Response of Bread Wheat Genotypes Under High and Low Rainfall Environments

“…Since wheat is of great importance in human nutrition worldwide, one of the most important targets of wheat breeders is to increase the grain yield (GY) obtained per unit area (Aktas, 2016;Barutcular et al, 2017;Yildirim et al, 2018;Kizilgeci et al, 2019a). Optimizing agronomic applications and developing varieties with high yield capacity are two main factors in increasing GY (Aktas, 2016;Güngör and Dumlupınar, 2019;Yüce et al, 2022). Different statistical methods are used in the evaluation of genotypes according to the data obtained in breeding programs.…”

Characterization of Nepalese Bread Wheat Landraces Based on Morpho-Phenological and Agronomic Traits

“…Agro-morphological characterization (Ghimire and Magar, 2017) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) results in both showed that there is a high genetic diversity among Nepalese wheat landraces (Khadka et al, 2020). A crucial step in managing and utilizing the genetic diversity of any crop and for the development of better varieties is agro-morphological characterization (Manzano et al, 2001;Ali et al, 2022;Yüce et al, 2022). Smith and colleagues (1991) stated that significant traits of local landraces need to be assessed, characterized, and labeled.…”