Evaluation of Semi-Continuous Pit Manure Recharge System Performance on Mitigation of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions from a Swine Finishing Barn

Wi, Jisoo; Lee, Seunghun; Kim, Eunjong; Lee, Myeongseong; Kozieł, Jacek A.; Ahn, Heekwon

doi:10.3390/atmos10040170

Cited by 33 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…OMS-300 analyzer (Smart Control & Sensing Inc., Daejeon, Rep. of Korea) was used to measure the real-time concentration for both NH3 and H2S (Wi et al, 2019). OMS-300 is the real-time monitoring system equipped with electrochemical gas sensors (NH3/CR-1000 and H2S/C-50).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Biochar Treatment on H2S and NH3 Emissions During Manure Agitation prior to Pump-Out

Chen¹,

Kozieł²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

2020 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 13-15, 2020

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Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are always a concern in the livestock industries, especially when farmers try to clear their manure storage pits. Agitation of manure can cause dangerously high concentrations of harmful agents such as H 2 S and NH 3 to be emitted into the air. Biochar can absorb these gases. We hypothesized that applying biochar on top of manure can create an effective barrier to protect farmers and animals from exposure to NH 3 and H 2 S. In this study, one kind of biochar was tested, highly alkaline, and porous (HAP, pH 9.2) biochar made from corn stover. Two scenarios of (6 mm) 0.25" and (12 mm) 0.5" thick layers of biochar treatments were topically applied to the manure and tested on a pilot-scale setup, simulating a deep pit storage. Each setup experienced 3-min of agitation using a transfer pump, and measurements of the concentrations of NH 3 and H 2 S were taken in real-time and measured until the concentration stabilized after the sharp increase in concentration due to agitation. The results were compared with the control in the following 3 situations: 1. The maximum (peak) flux 2. Total emission from the start of agitation until the concentration stabilized, and 3. The total emission during the 3 min of agitation. For NH 3 , 0.5" HAP biochar treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced maximum flux by 63.3%, overall total emission by 70%, and total emissions during the 3-min agitation by 85.2%; 0.25" HAP biochar treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced maximum flux by 75.7%, overall, total emission by 74.5%, and total emissions during the 3-min agitation by 77.8%. For H 2 S, 0.5" HAP biochar treatment reduced the max by 42.5% (p=0.125), overall total emission by 17.9% (p=0.290), and significantly reduced the total emission during 3-min agitation by 70.4%; 0.25" HAP treatment reduced max by 60.6% (p=0.058), and significantly reduced overall and 3-min agitation's total emission by 64.4% and 66.6%, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OMS-300 is the real-time monitoring system equipped with electrochemical gas sensors (NH3/CR-1000 and H2S/C-50). OMS-300 was calibrated with standard gases before using, and from which a calibration curve was created (Wi et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Biochar Treatment on H2S and NH3 Emissions During Manure Agitation prior to Pump-Out

Chen¹,

Kozieł²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

2020 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 13-15, 2020

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“…Each trial consisted of testing 4 reactors of fresh swine control manure, 4 reactors of fresh swine manure treated with RO biochar at a dosage of 1.65 kg•m -2, and 4 reactors of fresh swine manure treated with HAP biochar at a dosage of 2 kg•m -2 ( Table 5). [43] was sampling the air for 5 min with the suction rate of 2 L•min -1 . Due to the restrictions of the laboratory scale deep barn pit simulation system, gas samples were collected from 4 containers of the same treatment simultaneously into 1 Tedlar bag.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Swine Manure with the Surficial Application of Biochars

Meiirkhanuly¹,

Kozieł²,

Chen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Environmental impact associated with odor and gaseous emissions from animal manure is one of the challenges for communities, farmers, and regulatory agencies. Microbe-based manure additives treatments are marketed and used by farmers for mitigation of emissions. However, their performance is difficult to assess objectively. Thus, a comprehensive, practical, and low-cost treatments are still in demand. We have been advancing such treatments based on physicochemical principles. The objective of this research was to test the effect of the surficial application of a thin layer (¼"; 6.3 mm) of biochar on the mitigation of gaseous emissions from swine manure. Two types of biochar were tested: highly alkaline and porous (HAP) biochar made from corn stover and red oak (RO), both with different pH and morphology. Three 30-day trials were conducted with a layer of HAP and RO (2.0 &amp; 1.65 kg∙m-2, respectively) applied on manure surface, and emissions of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), greenhouse gases (GHG), and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured. A significant reduction of NH3 and phenol emissions was observed. In the case of H2S, CH4, CO2, N2O, and other odorous VOCs, the biochar treatment reduced the emissions during the first 1~2 weeks, followed by either no effect or even (in some cases) increase of emissions. Based on this initial lab-scale testing, biochar is promising to be an effective, practical, and economical treatment to reduce emissions from stored swine manure. However, larger-scale experiments are needed to understand how biochar properties and the dose and frequency of application can be optimized to mitigate odor and gaseous emissions from swine manure. The lessons learned can also be applicable to consider using biochar for surficial applications to mitigate gaseous emissions from other types of waste and area sources.

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“…Odor, VOCs, GHGs, NH 3 and H 2 S mitigation technologies for livestock operations have been reviewed [21]. The main approaches for livestock housing include barriers, biofiltration, chimneys, diet modification, electrostatic precipitation, landscaping, oil sprinkling, manure pit additives and ventilation, scrubbers, siting, and setbacks, urine/feces separation, and UV light [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. To date, however, these technologies, save for biofilters and scrubbers, have a limited on-farm implementation and performance record in the U.S. due to complex regulatory and socioeconomic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOC Removal from Manure Gaseous Emissions with UV Photolysis and UV-TiO2 Photocatalysis

et al. 2020

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Control of gaseous emissions from livestock operations is needed to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and sustainability of the industry. The focus of this research was to mitigate livestock odor emissions with UV light. Effects of the UV dose, wavelength, TiO2 catalyst, air temperature, and relative humidity were tested at lab scale on a synthetic mixture of nine odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and real poultry manure offgas. Results show that it was feasible to control odorous VOCs with both photolysis and photocatalysis (synthetic VOCs mixture) and with photocatalysis (manure offgas). The treatment effectiveness R (defined as % conversion), was proportional to the light intensity for synthetic VOCs mixtures and followed an order of UV185+254 + TiO2 > UV254 + TiO2 > UV185+254; no catalyst > UV254; no catalyst. VOC conversion R > 80% was achieved when light energy was >~60 J L−1. The use of deep UV (UV185+254) improved the R, particularly when photolysis was the primary treatment. Odor removal up to ~80% was also observed for a synthetic VOCs mixture, and actual poultry manure offgas. Scale-up studies are warranted.

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Evaluation of Semi-Continuous Pit Manure Recharge System Performance on Mitigation of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions from a Swine Finishing Barn

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

The Impact of Biochar Treatment on H2S and NH3 Emissions During Manure Agitation prior to Pump-Out

The Impact of Biochar Treatment on H2S and NH3 Emissions During Manure Agitation prior to Pump-Out

Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Swine Manure with the Surficial Application of Biochars

VOC Removal from Manure Gaseous Emissions with UV Photolysis and UV-TiO2 Photocatalysis

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