Evaluation of Soft-Tissue Morphology of the Face in 1,050 Young Adults

Borman, Hüseyin; Özgür, Figen; Gürsu, Güler

doi:10.1097/00000637-199903000-00009

Cited by 95 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…Whereas special face height was shorter than the special head height for both males and females in African American and North American white people [6,18,19]. In addition, when we compare our results for canon I with findings that were obtained from other studies in Turkish population the differences were seen between findings [2,3]. The results show that there may be differences in the facial proportions even in different regions of the same country.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Most of anthropometric data about the neoclassical canons comes from Farkas' work on North American white populations [6,7,10,15]. But another studies of Korean [4], Indian [12], African American [18], Turkish [2,3] and Chinese [13] subjects as well as the present study, reported that some of the Abbreviations as in Table 1 neoclassical canons may fit a few subjects and they do not represent the average facial proportions. In our study, especially the three-section and the four-section facial proportion could not be found valid even in a single participant.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

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The validity of eight neoclassical facial canons in the Turkish adults

et al. 2016

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005). The nasofacial proportion has been found to include the most proportional subjects (33%) followed by the orbito-nasal (30%), the orbital proportion (25%) and the naso-oral proportion (17%) in the female. Considering the male, the orbital proportion has been found to include the most proportional subjects (23%) followed by the orbito-nasal proportion (21%), naso-facial proportion (19%) and the naso-oral proportion (17% (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 4: 512-517)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

The validity of eight neoclassical facial canons in the Turkish adults

et al. 2016

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“…Humans are different by their overall morphology and body dimensions. The human facial contour has always been an interesting subject for anatomists, anthropologists, plastic surgeons and artists 1 . From the human facial form, it is possible to make an absolute distinction between two ethnic groups 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric study of facial index of medical students

Pandey

Gogoi

Budathoki

et al. 2017

J. Kathmandu Med. Coll.

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Background: The human facial contour has always been an interesting subject for anatomists, anthropologists, plastic surgeons and artists. The purpose of study was to create and evaluate data on face anthropometry. Objectives: To determine total facial index in medical students and to compare these with the data from other population for use in forensic, archaeological studies, anatomy and plastic surgery. Methods: This is a descriptive study. A total of one hundred and forty medical students, presently studying at Kathmandu Medical College, aged between eighteen and twenty four years were selected as the subjects for the present study. Among the one hundred and forty students, forty four were female and ninety six were male. Two measurements: morphological facial length and bizygomatic breadth were taken by using spreading calibre. Results: The mean morphological facial length was 110.7mm with a standard deviation of 5.98mm in males and 102.1mm in females. Bizygomatic breadth was 130.8 mm in males & 123.5mm in females. The facial index (mean) was 86.09 in males and 84.84 in females. The dominant type of face shape in males was mesoproscopic (48.66%) followed by euriprosopic (23%), leptoprosopic (13.33%), hypereuriprosopic (13%) & hyperleptoprosopic (2%). In females the dominant type of face was also mesoprosopic (37%) followed by hypereuriprosopic (22%), euriprosopic (20.33%), leptoprosopic (19%) and hyperleptoprosopic (1.66%). Conclusion:The dominant phenotype in the studied population was mesoprosopic. The data obtained may be useful in anthropological research, forensic, genetic research, as well as in medical clinical practice.

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“…2,4,[13][14][15]17,21,25,31,33,36 Existing data have been generated by direct measurement (anthropometrics) and/or radiographic measurement (cephalometrics) of orbital anatomical characteristics and have more recently included ultrasound measurements of fetuses in utero. 34 Anthropometric measurements have generated a large database of normal values based on surface measurements, in which relatively thin soft tissues overlie bony surfaces, allowing for accurate measurement without the use of ionizing radiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest proportion of anthropometric data applies to adults 4,9,17,18,[22][23][24][25]30,31,36 and to a lesser extent to the pediatric population. 9,13,16,18,19,21,27,30,36 There are relatively few data available for children younger than 3 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

Computed tomography–generated anthropometric measurements of orbital relationships in normal infants and children

Pool

Didier²,

Bardo

et al. 2016

PED

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OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop soft-tissue and bony anthropometric orbital measurements in a normal pediatric population based upon CT scans. METHODS This was a retrospective stratified study of children with ages ranging from birth to 36 months. Head CT images for 204 children were available and obtained with 0.625–1-mm slice widths. Soft-tissue and bone windows were reviewed. Images were oriented in the Frankfort horizontal plane, and the intercanthal (IC), bony interorbital (IO), and bony lateral orbital (LO) distances were measured. Age group stratifications were 0–3, > 3–6, > 6–9, > 9–12, > 12–18, > 18–24, > 24–30, and > 30–36 months. Patients with known syndromes or craniofacial abnormalities were excluded. Statistical analysis included the mean, SD, SEM, 95% CI, and an evaluation of IO:LO ratio. RESULTS There was an average of 25.5 patients in each age group (range 25–27 patients). All soft-tissue and bony measurements consistently showed rapid increase from 0–6 months of age, which tapered after age > 12 months. The mean IC, bony IO, and bony LO distances started at 22.22 ± 1.13 mm, 14.16 ± 0.74 mm, and 65.56 ± 1.76 mm, and at 12 months were 27.74 ± 1.01 mm, 16.21 ± 0.75 mm, and 77.98 ± 1.57 mm, respectively. The bony LO position was equivalent to the lateral canthal position and measurements. The IC distance was approximately one-third the lateral canthal distance for all age groups. CONCLUSIONS This study established and reported normal anthropometric orbital measurements in a pediatric population using fine-cut craniofacial CT. These measurements are essential when evaluating children with craniofacial anomalies.

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Evaluation of Soft-Tissue Morphology of the Face in 1,050 Young Adults

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

The validity of eight neoclassical facial canons in the Turkish adults

The validity of eight neoclassical facial canons in the Turkish adults

Anthropometric study of facial index of medical students

Computed tomography–generated anthropometric measurements of orbital relationships in normal infants and children

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