“…However, when these six studies were compared with the other incorporated studies ( n = 13, see Table S4) which do not use the stochastic model by Gunn et al, (), the following differences were identified: the mean annual production losses per animal was approximately €7.00 higher; different ex‐ante or ex‐post methods were used, while the studies based on the model by Gunn et al, () are all prediction studies; varying assumptions about the effectiveness of mitigation options (e.g., some studies assumed 100% efficacy of vaccine which caused no spread of BVDV and thus no production losses; Santman‐Berends, Mars, Duijn, & Schaik, ), and about the transmission probabilities. For instance, one study assumed that 60% of all birth of PI animals in the herds will not lead to losses from BVDV infections (Santman‐Berends et al, ) or other studies taken a constant transmission rate into account (Pasman et al, ), or neglected infection of naïve herds, or production losses by infected calves, youngstock, or transiently‐infected animals such as by Pasman et al, (), Reichel, Hill, and Voges (), Santman‐Berends et al, (), Thomann et al, () and Marschik et al, (). The latter could lead to underestimation of the true economic impact.…”