Evaluation of the global oceanic isoprene source and its impacts on  marine organic carbon aerosol

Arnold, S. R.; Spracklen, Dominick V.; Williams, Jonathan; Yassaa, Noureddine; Sciare, Jean; Bonsang, B.; Gros, Valérie; Peeken, Ilka; Lewis, Alastair C.; Alvain, Séverine; Moulin, C.

doi:10.5194/acp-9-1253-2009

Cited by 183 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Isoprene and the sum of MVK+MACR were both zero within measurement uncertainty in the marine boundary layer suggesting there are minimal marine biogenic sources of isoprene in the vicinity, consistent with regional estimates provided in Arnold et al (2009). In mesocosm experiments, Sinha et al (2007) found that acetone emissions correlated strongly with isoprene emissions, thus low isoprene mixing ratios may indicate the biological sources contributing to acetone emissions are absent in the region.…”

Section: Profiles Over the Oceansupporting

confidence: 64%

Measurements of volatile organic compounds over West Africa

2010

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Abstract. In this paper we describe measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOC) made using a Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) aboard the UK Facility for Atmospheric Airborne Measurements during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) campaign. Observations were made during approximately 85 h of flying time between 17 July and 17 August 2006, above an area between 4 • N and 18 • N and 3 • W and 4 • E, encompassing ocean, mosaic forest, and the Sahel desert. High time resolution observations of counts at mass to charge (m/z) ratios of 42, 59, 69, 71, and 79 were used to calculate mixing ratios of acetonitrile, acetone, isoprene, the sum of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein, and benzene respectively using laboratory-derived humidity-dependent calibration factors. Strong spatial associations between vegetation and isoprene and its oxidation products were observed in the boundary layer, consistent with biogenic emissions followed by rapid atmospheric oxidation. Acetonitrile, benzene, and acetone were all enhanced in airmasses which had been heavily influenced by biomass burning. Benzene and acetone were also elevated in airmasses with urban influence from cities such as Lagos, Cotonou, and Niamey. The observations provide evidence that both deep convection and mixing associated with fair-weather cumulus were responsible for vertical redistribution of VOC emitted from the surface. Profiles over the ocean showed a depletion of acetone in the marine boundary layer, but no significant decrease for acetonitrile.

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Section: Profiles Over the Oceansupporting

confidence: 64%

Measurements of volatile organic compounds over West Africa

2010

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“…The currently measured isoprene concentrations do not exceed 40 ppt and mostly are on the order of 10 ppt. All observations were made at higher latitudes than our probed area, but global estimates of isoprene concentration maps confirm these values for the probed area (Palmer and Shaw, 2005;Arnold et al, 2009;Gantt et al, 2009). Plass-Dülmer et al (1995) derived a global upper limit for acetylene from ethane emissions over seawater of 0.16-0.54 Tg/year, which on average corresponds to less than 20 ppt acetylene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Ship-based detection of glyoxal over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean

et al. 2010

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Abstract. We present the first detection of glyoxal (CHO-CHO) over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean in the Marine Boundary Layer (MBL). The measurements were conducted by means of the University of Colorado Ship Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU SMAX-DOAS) instrument aboard the research vessel Ronald H. Brown. The research vessel was on a cruise in the framework of the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study -Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) projects lasting from October 2008 through January 2009 (74 days at sea). The CU SMAX-DOAS instrument features a motion compensation system to characterize the pitch and roll of the ship and to compensate for ship movements in real time. We found elevated mixing ratios of up to 140 ppt CHOCHO located inside the MBL up to 3000 km from the continental coast over biologically active upwelling regions of the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. This is surprising since CHOCHO is very short lived (atmospheric life time ∼2 h) and highly water soluble (Henry's Law constant H = 4.2 × 10 5 M/atm). This CHOCHO cannot be explained by transport of it or its precursors from continental sources. Rather, the open ocean must be a source for CHOCHO to the atmosphere. Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) photochemistry in surface waters is a source for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere, e.g. acetaldehyde. The extension of this mechanism to very soluble gases, like CHOCHO, is not straightforward since the air-sea flux is directed from the atmosphere into the ocean. For CHOCHO, the dissolved concentrations would need to be extremely high in order to explain our gas-phase observations by this mechanism (40-70 µM CHOCHO, comparedCorrespondence to: R. Volkamer (rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu) to ∼0.01 µM acetaldehyde and 60-70 µM DOM). Further, while there is as yet no direct measurement of VOCs in our study area, measurements of the CHOCHO precursors isoprene, and/or acetylene over phytoplankton bloom areas in other parts of the oceans are too low (by a factor of 10-100) to explain the observed CHOCHO amounts. We conclude that our CHOCHO data cannot be explained by currently understood processes. Yet, it supports first global source estimates of 20 Tg/year CHOCHO from the oceans, which likely is a significant source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). This chemistry is currently not considered by atmospheric models.

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“…In addition, satellite PG data were used to assess globally particulate organic carbon export (Mouw et al, 2016), for detection of regional HAB events (e.g., Kurekin et al, 2014), the estimation of recruitment of juvenile fish (Trzcinski et al, 2013) and for inferring globally oceanic emissions of volatile organic compounds (Arnold et al, 2009;Booge et al, 2016).…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining Phytoplankton Diversity from Ocean Color: A Scientific Roadmap for Future Development

et al. 2017

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To improve our understanding of the role of phytoplankton for marine ecosystems and global biogeochemical cycles, information on the global distribution of major phytoplankton groups is essential. Although algorithms have been developed to assess phytoplankton diversity from space for over two decades, so far the application of these data sets has been limited. This scientific roadmap identifies user needs, summarizes the current state of the art, and pinpoints major gaps in long-term objectives to deliver space-derived phytoplankton diversity data that meets the user requirements. These major gaps in using ocean color to estimate phytoplankton community structure were identified as: (a) the mismatch between satellite, in situ and model data on phytoplankton composition, (b) the lack of quantitative uncertainty estimates provided with satellite data, (c) the spectral limitation of current sensors to enable the full exploitation of backscattered sunlight, and (d) the very limited applicability of satellite algorithms determining phytoplankton composition for regional, especially coastal or inland, waters. Recommendation for actions include but are not limited to: (i) an increased communication and round-robin exercises among and within the related expert groups, (ii) the launching of higher spectrally and spatially resolved sensors, (iii) the development of algorithms that exploit

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Evaluation of the global oceanic isoprene source and its impacts on marine organic carbon aerosol

Cited by 183 publications

References 59 publications

Measurements of volatile organic compounds over West Africa

Measurements of volatile organic compounds over West Africa

Ship-based detection of glyoxal over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean

Obtaining Phytoplankton Diversity from Ocean Color: A Scientific Roadmap for Future Development

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