Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants for Anti-MRSA Activity with Reference to the Treatment Record of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Abstract:The in vitro antimicrobial activities of 30 Chinese medicinal plants were evaluated with reference to the treatment record of infectious diseases in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) literature. The plant materials were extracted with 80% ethanol and the extracts were primarily screened against conventional clinical pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by the agar diffusion method. Their inhibition zone diameters (IZDs, mm, 50 mg/mL) ranged from <8 to 24. The 21 extracts which showed IZDs ≥10 mm against MSSA were also active against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with lower IZDs of 9.0-18.8 mm. They were further subjected to minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC, μG/mL) assays, which were 8-2,048/32->2,048 by the standard broth microdilution method. The seven extracts from M. yunnanensis, S. sinensis, G. morella, E. daneillii, M. squamulata, S. arborescens and B. hancei were determined as the most active extracts, with MICs of 8-64 μg/mL. The results were in good agreement with their traditional applications in skin and other infections.

Synergistic antibacterial effects of herbal extracts and antibiotics on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A computational and experimental study

“…However, combining antibiotics may also make their adverse effects more pronounced. 17 Apart from the combined use of antibiotics, the synergistic effects of combining phytopharmaceuticals and antibiotics have been demonstrated in various studies, 18,19 particularly in relation to traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), 20 which has flourished for thousands of years in clinical practice. Many TCMs have been documented as effective in treating various infectious diseases.…”

Phytochemistry of the genus Skimmia (Rutaceae)

“…The extract was more active against Gram-positive bacteria, including both methicillin-resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA) than against Gram-negative pathogens Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Zuo et al, 2012). The leaf essential oil from S. laureola showed the same trend with appreciable antibacterial effects, higher against Gram-positive bacteria, MRSA and S. epidermidis (Shah et al, 2013).…”

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of pure compounds from S. laureola was 200 lg/ml. Ulopterol exhibited weak activity against Drechlera rostrata and Curvularia lunata, while 4-methoxy-1-methyl-3-(2 0 S-hydroxy-3 0 -ene butyl)-2-quinolone strongly acted against M. canis and Pseudoallescheria boydii (Ahmad and Sultana, 2003) and Candida albicans (Zuo et al, 2012). MICs of leaf essential oil of S. laureola ranged from 16 to 32 mg/l.…”

“…The crushed leaves of the same species, added to wheat flour are used as a vermifuge for livestock (Hamayun, 2007). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) indicates S. arborescens as a remedy useful against hepatitis B and to treat rheumatoid, paralysis, and beriberi (Zuo et al, 2012). A review of the literature indicated that there are patents for some products of TCM including Skimmia species.…”

Effect of Oenanthe javanica Ethanolic Extracts on Antioxidant Activity and Melanogenesis in Melanoma Cells

“…Javan waterdropwort (Oenanthe javanica) inhibits a wetland in many Asia countries [14]. It was reported to contain flavonoids, choline, rutamin, γ-fagarine and coumarine [22,33]. In addition, it has antioxidant ingredients such as vitamin E, eugenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, pinoresinol beta-D-glucopyranoside, oenantho- For preparing Oenanthe javanica ethanolic extracts (OJE), the air-dried Oenanthe javanica ethanolic leaves and stems were homogenized using a grinder before extraction.…”