“…Accordingly, the relationship between rock mass rating and seismic wave velocity can be quantified, as demonstrated in Table 1 by previous studies. Many research studies (Von and Ismail, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019a;Hou et al, 2019;Lu et al, 2020) have proven that the seismic wave velocity information acquired by TSP can reflect the geological conditions in front of the tunnel face. To be specific, a portion of studies (Montalvo et al, 2015;Von and Ismail, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017;Bu et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019b;Hou et al, 2019;Shan et al, 2019;Lu et al, 2020) have revealed the link between the rock quality index and seismic wave, in particular engineering cases.…”