Evaluation of Vehicle-Based Crash Severity Metrics

Tsoi, Ada; Gabler, Hampton C.

doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.1067693

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Impact velocity was investigated as a plausible predictor as it is controllable and it has previously been reported that with a spring‐mounted simulated maxillary arch, increased impact speed led to an increase in the number of teeth broken during impact 18 . Various measures of velocity change during impact can allow estimation of, and have been invoked previously either directly or indirectly in, functionals for injury likelihood estimation in automotive crashworthiness testing 27 . The change in velocity of the impactor and the velocity of the dentition after impact can be interpreted as proxy measures for the change in momentum during impact, which is dictated by the stiffness of the dentition and the spring‐anvil system 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Various measures of velocity change during impact can allow estimation of, and have been invoked previously either directly or indirectly in, functionals for injury likelihood estimation in automotive crashworthiness testing. 27 The change in velocity of the impactor and the velocity of the dentition after impact can be interpreted as proxy measures for the change in momentum during impact, which is dictated by the stiffness of the dentition and the spring-anvil system. 18 Traumatic loading to the periodontal support has been shown to decrease the stiffness of the TPBC system, 21 arguably altering the change in momentum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the ability of experimental impact measures to predict tooth injuries in an ex vivo swine model

Houg

Adanty

MacGillivray

et al. 2021

Dental Traumatology

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Background/Aim Impact to the orofacial region, in particular teeth, is a frequent incident leading to injury in many sports and can result in health and economic costs for the injured individual. The majority of previous work has applied synthetic models such as plaster or stone, to form analogs of relevant structures to study the potential for impact‐induced injury. Biomechanical studies that have applied tissue models (animal or human) for the purpose of determining the biomechanical measures associated with dental injury are rare. The aim of this study was to apply a simple ex vivo model based on swine dentition to ascertain which of a select list of measurable quantities associated with impact mechanics could predict luxation and fracture of teeth due to impact. Methods Mandibular central incisors of ex vivo swine dentitions were impacted using a linear drop tower with heights ranging from 1.20 m to 2.42 m. Seven mechanical predictors were assessed at impact and were then subjected to binary logistic regression techniques to determine which was the best predictor of luxations or fractures of the teeth. Results Of the seven mechanical predictors, (1) the velocity of the impacting body (R2 = 0.477), (2) a proxy measure for the change in kinetic energy of the impacting body (R2 = 0.586), and (3) the approximate energy absorbed by the tissue (R2 = 0.722) were found to be statistically significantly different (p < .05), offering the greatest specificity as indicated by receiver operator characteristics. Other measures that are frequently used in impact mechanics, including peak linear acceleration and velocity change, were not statistically significant predictors of tooth injury. Conclusion Identifying mechanical predictors for dental injury of unprotected teeth provides a first step in understanding which aspects of an impact event attribute to dental injury and can lay the foundation for future studies that examine alteration in injury mechanics associated with protection devices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the ability of experimental impact measures to predict tooth injuries in an ex vivo swine model

Houg

Adanty

MacGillivray

et al. 2021

Dental Traumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The Vehicle Pulse Index (VPI) which measures the relative strength of the collision waveform to the occupant in the vehicle uses a single-degree-of-freedom mass spring model (Tsoi and Gabler, 2015). The model consists of mass M, which represents the occupant, spring k and slack s, which represent the constraint system.…”

Section: Collision Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative analysis of three typical crash tests results based on small overlap frontal collision accidents

Liu

Lou

et al. 2020

IJVS

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With the promotion of collision safety technical regulations, the vehicle safety technology has achieved a leap-forward development, and the occupants have been well protected in various collision conditions. However, the statistical data indicate that serious accidental casualties are still present in frontal collision traffic accidents with small overlap ratios. One of the main reasons is that vehicles in the small overlap collisions did not have the energy absorption effect of the longitudinal beams and body structure, causing serious deformation of the passenger compartment and injuries to the occupants. In this paper, the characteristics of small overlap accidents were analysed based on the China traffic accident database. Then, actual vehicle crash tests were carried out by adopting three typical small overlap crash test methods (vehicle-tovehicle test method, IIHS test method and NHTSA test method), and in-depth analysis was conducted on the vehicle kinematics, collision strength (vehicle body acceleration and vehicle pulse index), occupant injuries, and vehicle body deformation in the crash tests. The results show that although the incidence of small overlap crash is low, the ratio of AIS3+ injury is very high, and the NTHSA test method is more similar to the vehicle-to-vehicle test than the IIHS test method.

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“…Injury intensity coefficients are adopted for the evaluation of the efficiency of the safety systems in the area of road constructions and vehicles, both passive and active. The coefficients may be based on the kinematics of the ATD phantom (anthropometric test device) [5] or of a vehicle [6]. Delta-v parameter which specifies the decrease of vehicle velocity as a result of an impact is the most frequently applied and the simplest in calculation coefficient based on the vehicle kinematics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of the ASI parameter has been proved in numerous publications the authors of which strive to prove the dependence between its value and the injuries suffered by accident victims [9][10][11] or try to propose models allowing for estimation of ASI value depending on factors such as the impact conditions or mechanical properties of the tested road infrastructure [12]. Equipping vehicles in an EDR system (Event Data Records) which records data such as vehicle motion, seat belt fastening, or operation of active safety systems in vehicles currently allows for the determination of correlations between injury intensity factors and real injuries suffered as a result of road collisions [6,13]. ASI is a good indicator in the scope of injuries suffered by passengers having their seat belts fastened and for the vehicles equipped with airbags.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Supporting Road Signs Masts Family for Compliance with the Standard EN 12767

Stopel

Cichański

Yague³

et al. 2021

Materials

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The analysis aimed to assess the passive safety of supporting masts for road signs in accordance with EN 12767. Experimental tests were carried out based on the requirements of the standard for the smallest and the largest constructions within the product family. Numerical models of crash tests were prepared for whole product family using the Finite Element Method in the LS-Dyna environment. Based on the comparison of the experimental tests and the numerical calculations, the usefulness of the numerical model for estimating the actual value of the Acceleration Severity Index (ASI) and the Theoretical Head Impact Velocity (THIV) was assessed. With the use of these relationships the values of ASI and THIV for masts not tested experimentally were estimated. It was confirmed that the analyzed masts met the requirements for the passive safety of structures set out in the standard EN 12767. It was possible since as a result of the impact, the mast column detached from the base, allowing the vehicle to continue moving. The behavior of the masts was primarily influenced by the destruction of the safety connectors. The paper presents the most important elements from the point of view of designing such solutions.

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Evaluation of Vehicle-Based Crash Severity Metrics

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

On the ability of experimental impact measures to predict tooth injuries in an ex vivo swine model

On the ability of experimental impact measures to predict tooth injuries in an ex vivo swine model

A comparative analysis of three typical crash tests results based on small overlap frontal collision accidents

Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Supporting Road Signs Masts Family for Compliance with the Standard EN 12767

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