Evaporation and Molecular Beam Scattering from a Flat Liquid Jet

Lee, Chin; Pohl, Marvin Nicolas; Ramphal, Isaac A.; Yang, Walt; Winter, Bernd; Abel, Bernd; Neumark, Daniel M.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01174

Cited by 18 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…These cylindrical jets can also be used to investigate liquid ammonia and organic liquids, , including kerosene fuels . Fascinating alternative approaches include tiny holes drilled in a microfluidic channel and flat jets for gas–dodecane scattering and liquid–liquid reactions (at atmospheric pressure) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Gas–Liquid Reactions with Microjets: Lessons We Are Learning

Gao

Nathanson

2022

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Conspectus Liquid water is all around us: at the beach, in a cloud, from a faucet, inside a spray tower, covering our lungs. It is fascinating to imagine what happens to a reactive gas molecule as it approaches the surface of water in these examples. Some incoming molecules may first be deflected away after colliding with an evaporating water molecule. Those that do strike surface H2O or other surface species may bounce directly off or become momentarily trapped through hydrogen bonding or other attractive forces. The adsorbed gas molecule can then desorb immediately or instead dissolve, passing through the interfacial region and into the bulk, perhaps diffusing back to the surface and evaporating before reacting. Alternatively, it may react with solute or water molecules in the interfacial or bulk regions, and a reaction intermediate or the final product may then desorb into the gas phase. Building a “blow by blow” picture of these pathways is challenging for vacuum-based techniques because of the high vapor pressure of water. In particular, collisions within the thick vapor cloud created by evaporating molecules just above the surface scramble the trajectories and internal states of the gaseous target molecules, hindering construction of gas–liquid reaction mechanisms at the atomic scale that we strive to map out. The introduction of the microjet in 1988 by Faubel, Schlemmer, and Toennies opened up entirely new possibilities. Their inspired solution seems so simple: narrow the end of a glass tube to a diameter smaller than the mean free path of the vapor molecules and then push the liquid through the tube at speeds of a car on a highway. The narrow liquid stream creates a sparse vapor cloud, with water molecules spaced far enough apart that they and the reactant gases interact, at most, weakly. Experimentalists, however, confront a host of challenges: nozzle clogging, unstable jetting, searching for vacuum-compatible solutions, measuring low signal levels, and teasing out artifacts because the slender jet is the smallest surface in the vacuum chamber. In this Account, we describe lessons that we are learning as we explore gases (DCl, (HCOOH)2, N2O5) reacting with water molecules and solute ions in the near-interfacial region of these fast-flowing aqueous microjets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Gas–Liquid Reactions with Microjets: Lessons We Are Learning

Gao

Nathanson

2022

Acc. Chem. Res.

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“…This device has been used by our group in molecular beam scattering experiments where a flat jet is formed by flowing liquid through the two outer channels; the central channel is not used. 72,73 The flat jet thus produced in so-called “colliding-jet” geometry has been used in XUV photoelectron spectroscopy by Winter 74 and Suzuki. 75 In our TRPES experiment, we operate the flat jet in the “gas dynamic” mode, in which liquid flows through the central channel and He gas flows through the two outer channels, flattening the liquid jet and producing the image in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of adenine, adenosine and adenosine monophosphate in a liquid flat jet

Koga,

Kang,

Heim

et al. 2024

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…An extension of the microjet technique, flat jet [8,14], has been used in, e.g. high-harmonic generation [15], in imaging diffusion controlled chemical luminescence reactions [16], or in molecular beam scattering experiments [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental setup for probing electron-induced chemistry in liquid micro-jets

Nag,

Ranković,

Schewe

et al. 2023

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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We present an experimental setup for probing chemical changes in liquids induced by electron collisions. The setup utilizes a custom-designed electron gun that irradiates a liquid microjet with an electron beam of tunable energy. Products of the electron-induced reactions are analyzed ex-situ. The microjet system enables re-circulation of the liquid and thus multiple irradiation of the same sample. As a proof-of-principle experiment, an aqueous solution of TRIS (2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol) was irradiated by 300 eV electron beam. Optical UV–VIS analysis shows that the electron impact on the liquid surface leads to the production of OH radicals in the solution which are efficiently scavenged by TRIS.

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Evaporation and Molecular Beam Scattering from a Flat Liquid Jet

Cited by 18 publications

References 78 publications

Exploring Gas–Liquid Reactions with Microjets: Lessons We Are Learning

Exploring Gas–Liquid Reactions with Microjets: Lessons We Are Learning

Extreme ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of adenine, adenosine and adenosine monophosphate in a liquid flat jet

Experimental setup for probing electron-induced chemistry in liquid micro-jets

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