Event-related brain potentials in multilingual language processing: The N's and P's

Generalized Additive Modelling-Based Individual Difference Measures for L2 ERP Studies

“…The current paper introduces a methodology allowing for the analysis of individual differences in language processing as investigated through the ERP method in order to gain further insight into similarity or difference between native and advanced L2 processing. For the purposes of this study, we focus on a particular ERP component, namely the P600, which is a large positive-going ERP wave with a maximum around 600 ms post stimulus onset commonly observed in response to grammatical violations, but the procedure we propose is equally suitable for other (language-related) ERP components, such as the N400 or the LAN (see Payne, Ng, Shantz & Federmeier, 2020, for a review of the ERP components that are central in the study of multilingual language processing). Current theories of the P600 interpret its functional significance as reflecting a process of revision, reanalysis or integration difficulty (e.g., Brouwer, Crocker, Venhuizen & Hoeks, 2017;Kaan & Swaab, 2003;Kos, Vosse, Van Den Brink & Hagoort, 2010).…”