The PDE4 catalytic machinery comprises, in part, two divalent cations in a binuclear motif. Here we report that PDE4A4 expressed in Sf9 cells exhibits a biphasic Mg 2+ doser esponse (EC 50 of V V0.15 and s 10 mM) in catalyzing cAMP hydrolysis. In vitro phosphorylation of PDE4A4 by the PKAcatalytic subunit increases the enzyme's sensitivity to Mg 2+ , leading to 4-fold increased cAMP hydrolysis without affecting its K m . The phosphorylation also increases the potencies of (R)-and (S)-rolipram without affecting CDP-840 and SB-207499. The results support that modulating the cofactor binding affinity of PDE4 represents a mechanism for regulating its activity. ß 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies.