Evidence for dorsal root projection to somatostatin-immunoreactive structures in laminae I–II of the spinal dorsal horn

Lu, Jun; Ho, Raymond H.

doi:10.1016/0361-9230(92)90226-n

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA) exhibits high affinity binding to internal N-acetyl glucosamine residues, and low affinity binding to sialic acid (Yamamoto et al, 1981;Gallagler et al, 1985), and, like BSI-B4, has been reported to label terminals in the rat superficial dorsal horn after being injected into peripheral nerves (LaMotte et al, 1989(LaMotte et al, , 1991. Similar distributions of label are seen after injection of WGA into the skin or dorsal root ganglion (DRG) (Molander & Grant, 1985;Swett & Woolf, 1985;Lu & Ho, 1991). As the detailed laminar distribution of the structures labelled by BSI-B4 and WGA has not been fully described, we have compared the distributions of label that result from injection of these two tracers into the sciatic nerve of adult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…It is possible that the absence of any transsynaptic reaction product in our EM studies is due to the relatively weak labelling intensity achieved with BSI-B4-HRP compared to WGA-HRP results. Labelling of neurons in the superficial dorsal horn has been reported in a number of studies where WGA-HRP was injected into skin (Molander & Grant, 1985;Robertson & Arvidson, 1985), DRG (Robertson & Grant, 1985;Lu & Ho, 1991), and peripheral nerves (LaMotte et al, 1989(LaMotte et al, , 1991. The transsynaptic labelling of neurons with BSI-B4-HRP was observed not only in the superficial dorsal horn but in the deeper laminae as well.…”

Section: Transsynaptic Transportmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Transganglionic labelling of primary sensory afferents in the rat lumbar spinal cord: comparison between wheatgerm agglutinin and the I-B4 isolectin fromBandeiraea simplicifolia

et al. 1994

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We recently reported that the I-B4 isolectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia could be used as a transganglionic neuronal tracer which appears to be selective for unmyelinated cutaneous afferents (C fibres) and their terminals in the superficial dorsal horn. As terminals in the superficial dorsal horn are also labelled by wheatgerm agglutinin, we sought to compare these two neuronal tracers. Three days after the injection of 1% wheatgerm agglutinin-HRP or 1% BSI-B4-HRP into the sciatic nerve of adult rats the lumbar spinal cord was processed for HRP reactivity. The majority of labelled structures was found in the superficial dorsal horn, with fewer labelled structures seen in the overlying white matter (including Lissauer's tract). In wheatgerm agglutinin-HRP experiments most labelled structures were synaptic terminals (63%) and unmyelinated axons (32%). About 3% of wheatgerm agglutinin-HRP-labelled structures were fine myelinated fibres (which were found only in lamina I and outer lamina II) and about 2% of label was located in neuronal somata. In contrast, label from BSI-B4-HRP experiments was found only in synaptic terminals (37%) and unmyelinated axons (63%). Previous studies have shown that small diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons and their terminals in the superficial dorsal horn express a range of structurally related carbohydrates that contain binding sites for BSI-B4 or wheatgerm agglutinin or both. Comparison of the labelling patterns produced by the two transganglionic tracers in the present study suggests that unmyelinated sciatic afferents express wheatgerm agglutinin and BSI-B4 binding sites, but some thin myelinated afferents, and a distinct form of synaptic terminal in lamina I/II outer, express the wheatgerm agglutinin binding site and not the BSI-B4 binding site.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Transsynaptic Transportmentioning

confidence: 82%

Transganglionic labelling of primary sensory afferents in the rat lumbar spinal cord: comparison between wheatgerm agglutinin and the I-B4 isolectin fromBandeiraea simplicifolia

et al. 1994

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“…Those from Dr. Ho were made in rabbit against ENK (1:7,000 dilution), SP (1:7,500 dilution), or SOM (1:7,000 dilution). These antibodies have been well characterized and used in other studies (Adli et al, 1988;Cassini et al, 1989;Lu and Ho, 1992;Reddy et al, 1990;Rosenthal and Ho, 1989). Commercially available antibodies (from Immunonuclear, Inc.) were made in rabbit against ENK, SP, or SOM (all used at 1:2,000 dilution).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin, substance P, and somatostatin in the brainstem of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens

Stuesse

Adli

Cruce

2001

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The brainstems of frogs contain many of the neurochemicals that are found in mammals. However, the clustering of nuclei near the ventricles makes it difficult to distinguish individual cell groups. We addressed this problem by combining immunohistochemistry with tract tracing and an analysis of cell morphology to localize neuropeptides within the brainstem of Rana pipiens. We injected a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold, into the spinal cord, and, in the same frog, processed adjacent sections for immunohistochemical location of antibodies to the neuropeptides enkephalin (ENK), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SOM). SOM+ cells were more widespread than cells containing immunoreactivity (ir) to the other substances. Most reticular nuclei in frog brainstem contained ir to at least one of these chemicals. Cells with SOM ir were found in nucleus (n.) reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis magnocellularis, n. reticularis paragigantocellularis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the optic tectum, n. interpeduncularis, and n. solitarius. ENK-containing cell bodies were found in n. reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the tectum. The midbrain contained most of the SP+ cells. Six nonreticular nuclei (griseum centrale rhombencephali, n. isthmi, n. profundus mesencephali, n. interpeduncularis, torus semicircularis laminaris, and the tectum) contained ir to one or more of the substances but did not project to the spinal cord. The descending tract of V, and the rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and solitary tracts contained all three peptides as did the n. profundus mesencephali, n. isthmi, and specific tectal layers. Because the distribution of neurochemicals within the frog brainstem is similar to that of amniotes, our results emphasize the large amount of conservation of structure, biochemistry, and possibly function that has occurred in the brainstem, and especially in the phylogenetically old reticular formation.

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“…The following drugs were used: GDP-β-S (guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate), a general inhibitor of G-proteins (1.0 mM, n = 9; Sigma, dissolved in 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 90% ACSF); H7 ([1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, HCl], a general inhibitor of protein kinases, 5.0 mM, n = 6; Sigma); NPC15437 (2,6-diamino-N-([1-oxotridecyl)-2-piperidinyl]methyl)hexanamide, an inhibitor of PKC, 10.0 mM, n = 10; Research Biochemicals); H89 (Carlton et al 1992j;Molander et al 1992;Lu and Ho 1992), an inhibitor of PKA (0.01 mM, n = 9; Calbiochem). ACSF (n = 9) was used as a control.…”

Section: Administration Of Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitors of G-proteins and protein kinases reduce the sensitization to mechanical stimulation and the desensitization to heat of spinothalamic tract neurons induced by intradermal injection of capsaicin in the primate

et al. 1997

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Intradermal injection of capsaicin results in sensitization of spinothalamic tract cells to brushing and pressure applied to the cutaneous receptive field in anesthetized monkeys. A significant increase in background activity also occurs immediately after capsaicin injection that lasts for at least 2 h. A 40-50% decrease in the response to noxious heat stimuli is also observed following capsaicin injection. This study investigated the spinal role of second messengers by extracellularly recording from spinothalamic tract cells and delivering inhibitors of second messenger pathways to the spinal cord by microdialysis. Blockade of protein kinases with the general protein kinase inhibitor, H7 (5.0 mM, n = 6), reduced the sensitization of the cells to brush and pressure. Blockade of protein kinase C with NPC15437 (10.0 mM, n = 10) reduced the increased background activity and the increased responses to brush. Blockade of protein kinase A with H89 (0.01 mM, n = 9) was most effective. H89 reduced the background activity, the increased responses to brush and press, and reversed the decreased response to noxious heat stimuli. Blockade of G-proteins with the general G-protein inhibitor, GDP-beta-S (1.0 mM, n = 9), reduced the background activity and the responses to brush and pressure without affecting the decreased response to heat. Thus, multiple intracellular messengers appear to be involved in the processing of central sensitization induced by activation of C-fibers following intradermal injection of capsaicin.

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Evidence for dorsal root projection to somatostatin-immunoreactive structures in laminae I–II of the spinal dorsal horn

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Transganglionic labelling of primary sensory afferents in the rat lumbar spinal cord: comparison between wheatgerm agglutinin and the I-B4 isolectin fromBandeiraea simplicifolia

Transganglionic labelling of primary sensory afferents in the rat lumbar spinal cord: comparison between wheatgerm agglutinin and the I-B4 isolectin fromBandeiraea simplicifolia

Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin, substance P, and somatostatin in the brainstem of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens

Inhibitors of G-proteins and protein kinases reduce the sensitization to mechanical stimulation and the desensitization to heat of spinothalamic tract neurons induced by intradermal injection of capsaicin in the primate

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