Evidence of Natural Recombination within the S1 Gens of Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Wang, Li; Junker, David; Collisson, Ellen W.

doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1093

Cited by 186 publications

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“…The M gene and the S1 part of the S gene of tl/CH/LDT3/03 shared high nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with field IBV isolates from China ( Fig. 1), suggesting that recombination is occurring in IBV-like viruses in the region (Cavanagh & Davis, 1988;Wang et al, 1993;Jia et al, 1995;Brooks et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus from domestic peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and teal (Anas)

Liu

Chen

et al. 2005

Journal of General Virology

132

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Coronavirus-like viruses, designated peafowl/China/LKQ3/2003 (pf/CH/LKQ3/03) and teal/China/LDT3/2003 (tl/CH/LDT3/03), were isolated from a peafowl and a teal during virological surveillance in Guangdong province, China. Partial genomic sequence analysis showed that these isolates had the S-3-M-5-N gene order that is typical of avian coronaviruses. The spike, membrane and nucleocapsid protein genes of pf/CH/LKQ3/03 had >99 % identity to those of the avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus H120 vaccine strain (Massachusetts serotype) and other Massachusetts serotype isolates. Furthermore, when pf/CH/LKQ3/03 was inoculated experimentally into chickens (specific-pathogen-free), no disease signs were apparent. tl/CH/LDT3/03 had a spike protein gene with 95 % identity to that of a Chinese infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolate, although more extensive sequencing revealed the possibility that this strain may have undergone recombination. When inoculated into chickens, tl/CH/LDT3/03 resulted in the death of birds from nephritis. Taken together, this information suggests that pf/CH/LKQ3/03 might be a revertant, attenuated vaccine IBV strain, whereas tl/CH/LDT3/03 is a nephropathogenic field IBV strain, generated through recombination. The replication and non-pathogenic nature of IBV in domestic peafowl and teal under field conditions raises questions as to the role of these hosts as carriers of IBV and the potential that they may have to transmit virus to susceptible chicken populations. INTRODUCTIONCoronaviruses (family Coronaviridae) belong to the order Nidovirales and contain a positive-stranded RNA genome that ranges from 27 to 31 kb in size (Cavanagh, 1997). Members of the family Coronaviridae infect a wide range of hosts and have been classified into three groups on the basis of antigenicity, genome organization and sequence similarity. Usually, coronaviruses infect only their normal target host species. It has, however, been reported that some strains of canine coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E can infect other, non-target species without causing disease (Barlough et al., 1984(Barlough et al., , 1985. The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV), which has been classified tentatively into group 2, has focused a great deal of interest on this virus family (Holmes, 2003). It was reported that SARS-CoV-like viruses were isolated from Himalayan palm civets (Guan et al., 2003) and ferrets (Mustela furo). Moreover, domestic cats (Felis domesticus) are susceptible to infection by SARSCoV, suggesting that the reservoir for this pathogen might involve a range of animal species (Martina et al., 2003).Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), together with genetically related coronaviruses of turkey and pheasant, belongs to the group 3 coronaviruses. IBV is a pleomorphic, enveloped virus with club-shaped surface projections (spikes) and a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of >27 kb in length (Boursnell et al., 1987). Upon virus entry into cells, a 39-coterminal nested set of six ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus from domestic peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and teal (Anas)

Liu

Chen

et al. 2005

Journal of General Virology

132

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“…Genetic recombination is a fundamental evolutionary process, and recombination repair of attenuated vaccines is not uncom- mon (1,2,6,16,17). RNA recombination occurs when the viral replicase switches from donor to acceptor templates during RNA synthesis, followed by the use of the nascent RNA as a primer for continued RNA synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SARS-CoV is a tractable system for innovative live virus vaccine design because the pathogen is highly virulent and replicates efficiently in animal models, and a robust reverse genetic system is available. Importantly, CoVs undergo RNA recombination events at high frequency, and recombination-mediated vaccine failures in animals are a problem (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewiring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) transcription circuit: Engineering a recombination-resistant genome

Yount

Roberts

Lindesmith

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Live virus vaccines provide significant protection against many detrimental human and animal diseases, but reversion to virulence by mutation and recombination has reduced appeal. Using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as a model, we engineered a different transcription regulatory circuit and isolated recombinant viruses. The transcription network allowed for efficient expression of the viral transcripts and proteins, and the recombinant viruses replicated to WT levels. Recombinant genomes were then constructed that contained mixtures of the WT and mutant regulatory circuits, reflecting recombinant viruses that might occur in nature. Although viable viruses could readily be isolated from WT and recombinant genomes containing homogeneous transcription circuits, chimeras that contained mixed regulatory networks were invariantly lethal, because viable chimeric viruses were not isolated. Mechanistically, mixed regulatory circuits promoted inefficient subgenomic transcription from inappropriate start sites, resulting in truncated ORFs and effectively minimize viral structural protein expression. Engineering regulatory transcription circuits of intercommunicating alleles successfully introduces genetic traps into a viral genome that are lethal in RNA recombinant progeny viruses.regulation ͉ systems biology ͉ vaccine design L ive virus vaccines represent a crucial intervention strategy that has been documented to improve the overall health of populations. Concerns regarding reversion to virulence by mutation and recombination, coupled with the associated challenges in developing these vaccines commercially, have diminished the appeal of live virus vaccines (1, 2). The dichotomy between the well known protective efficacy and the costs and risks of developing live virus vaccines has been recognized as a Grand Challenge in Global Health by the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, which has called for new methods to prevent reversion or recombination repair.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged suddenly and spread worldwide in 2003, causing Ϸ800 deaths (3). Zoonotic SARS-CoV strains, common in farm animals and bats, dictate a need for continued surveillance and the development of efficacious vaccines (4, 5). SARS-CoV is a tractable system for innovative live virus vaccine design because the pathogen is highly virulent and replicates efficiently in animal models, and a robust reverse genetic system is available. Importantly, CoVs undergo RNA recombination events at high frequency, and recombination-mediated vaccine failures in animals are a problem (6).SARS-CoV contains a positive, single-stranded, Ϸ29,700-nt RNA genome bound by the nucleocapsid protein (N) and an envelope containing the S, ORF3a, E, and M structural proteins. The SARS-CoV genome contains nine ORFs, and ORF1 encodes the viral replicase proteins that are required for subgenomic and genome-length RNA synthesis (7). Downstream of ORF1 and interspaced among the structural genes are the unique SARS-CoV group-specif...

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“…Molecular studies with IBV have shown that new IBV serotypes and genotypes can emerge as a result of only a very few changes or mutations in the amino acid sequence of the spike gene, while the majority of the virus remains unaltered (Cavanagh et al, 1992b;Cavanagh, 1995). Additionally, several workers demonstrated (Kottier et al, 1995) or provided circumstantial evidence Kusters et al, 1989Kusters et al, , 1990Zwaagstra et al, 1992;Cavanagh et al, 1992a;Wang et al, 1993Wang et al, , 1994Jia et al, 1995) that IBV can undergo recombination during mixed infections. As a result, IBV strains may show multiple cross-reactions, making a clear classification not always possible.…”

Section: Strain Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of infectious bronchitis virus

Wit¹

2000

Avian Pathology

167

128

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The detection methods for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of available techniques of IBV detection by virus isolation, antigen or genome detection, and serology are discussed. Factors of influence on the level of success in detection of IBV after a disease outbreak are discussed, as are the possibilities and dangers of strain classification by protectotyping, serotyping, epitope-typing and genotyping.

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Evidence of Natural Recombination within the S1 Gens of Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Cited by 186 publications

References 0 publications

Isolation of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus from domestic peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and teal (Anas)

Isolation of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus from domestic peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and teal (Anas)

Rewiring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) transcription circuit: Engineering a recombination-resistant genome

Detection of infectious bronchitis virus

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