Evidence of stratosphere–troposphere exchange during severe cyclones: a case study over Bay of Bengal, India

Pathakoti, Mahesh; Sujatha, P.; Karri, Srinivasa Rao; S.V.S., Sai Krishn; P.V.N., Rao; C.B.S., Dutt; Dadhwal, V. K.

doi:10.1080/19475705.2016.1155502

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The GWs are able to reach up to 100–220 km in altitude, and can produce a perturbation in the F layer of the ionosphere by changing the plasma density and modulating the electric field (Bishop et al, ). Further Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations made by Pathakoti et al () strongly support the presence of Stratosphere‐Troposphere mixing during severe cyclones. The possible linkage of the likely phenomena such as thunderstorms, cyclones, and earthquakes that occur within the limits of Earth surface and the tropospheric boundary to the upper atmospheric region of Ionosphere is also examined in the studies of infrasound waves associated with these phenomena (Chum et al, ; Georges , ; Jones & Georges, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Perturbations Induced by a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS): A Case Study of Phailin VSCS

et al. 2020

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We investigate F region ionospheric perturbations associated with very severe cyclonic storm Phailin which occurred in Bay of Bengal during 09-12 October 2013. Very severe cyclonic storm Phailin was the most intense supercyclone over the Bay of Bengal with intensity~T6.0. The primary data used are lightning data from Global Lightning Detection 360 network, Global Position System-derived total electron content information from seven Global Position System stations located in the cyclone impact region, and meteorological data. This is the first report from north Indian Ocean which investigates the perturbations induced in the ionosphere associated with a cyclone. Investigation of lightning discharges occurrence at the storm center along the cyclone track line showed that the lightning growth pattern closely follows the cyclone intensity during the initial, mature, and decay stages. The total electron content computed from seven Global Position System stations showed that differential total electron content is enhanced during very severe cyclonic storm days, compared with precyclone and postcyclone days. The maximum peak-to-peak perturbation in differential total electron content values at Port Blair located at Andaman-Nicobar Islands in Bay of Bengal was~0.33 TECu during the cyclone days, whereas it was onlỹ 0.11 TECu during the no-cyclone days. The results show that most probably gravity waves generated from cyclonic thunderstorms can couple with the upper atmosphere and modify the dynamics of the ionosphere. Tropical cyclones and large thunderstorms are an important source from below which couple with ionosphere and manifest in the form of ionospheric perturbations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Perturbations Induced by a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS): A Case Study of Phailin VSCS

et al. 2020

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“…IAGOS observations near typhoons near Taiwan have also been reported to have high PV, high ozone, and low CO (Roux et al., 2020). It should be mentioned here that different studies based on observations have also highlighted the role of vertically propagating waves or disturbances during tropical cyclones in causing STE (Das, 2009; Das et al., 2016b; Hocking et al., 2007; Niranjan Kumar & Ramkumar, 2008; Pathakoti et al., 2016). Waves triggered by orography, like the Himalayas, can also lead to oscillations in the wind flow and reach the upper atmosphere (Kaifler et al., 2015; Lyapustin et al., 2014; Niranjan Kumar et al., 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The study also elaborated on the role of cyclones in determining the tropopause structure and concentrations of ozone and water vapor in the UTLS within a radius of 1,000 km of the cyclone center (Venkat Ratnam et al, 2016). Enhanced upper tropospheric ozone during two BoB cyclones has also been observed from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; Pathakoti et al, 2016). Further, cyclones' impacts on the tropical tropopause parameters have been assessed from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) GPS-RO temperature profiles (Ravindra Babu et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Estimation of Stratospheric Intrusions During Indian Cyclones

et al. 2023

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Deep convection associated with tropical cyclones leads to stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE), which affects the upper‐tropospheric ozone concentrations in the vicinity of the cyclones. This study estimates the ozone enhancements over India due to the North Indian Ocean (NIO) cyclones‐driven STE. Indicators such as stratospheric fraction and potential vorticity calculated using the reanalysis data sets suggest that roughly 70% of the cyclones show anomalously high stratospheric intrusions. Aircraft observations over different locations across India also show elevated ozone concentrations in the mid‐to‐upper troposphere on cyclone days. Further, ozone and stratospheric ozone tracer concentrations from Goddard Earth Observing System‐Chemistry simulations and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis data sets show up to 40 ppb of excess upper tropospheric ozone over India, of which stratospheric ozone accounts for roughly 60%. Stratospheric intrusion due to the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea cyclones affected the upper tropospheric ozone amounts over North and South India, respectively. The stratospheric ozone was observed to propagate downwards into the troposphere, often reaching ∼600 hPa and, in some cases, even the surface.

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“…Information about atmospheric water vapor is of particular importance to the study of the typhoon as it is the main source of precipitation, and it plays a crucial role in the energy system of typhoon dynamics [1]. For example, one could expect very strong vertical water vapor gradients with wet layers related to updrafts near the center of the typhoon, and dry areas related to downdrafts and stratosphere-troposphere exchanges [2,3]. The radiosonde is one of the most commonly used tools for measuring atmospheric water vapor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Precipitable Water Vapor and Horizontal Tropospheric Gradients from GPS during Typhoon Lekima

Zhang

Bai

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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GPS data during Typhoon Lekima at 700 stations in China were processed by the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method. A refined regional Tm model was used to derive the precipitable water vapor (PWV) at these GPS stations. Spatio-temporal variations of PWV with the typhoon process were analyzed. As the typhoon approached, PWV at stations near the typhoon center increased sharply from about 50 mm to nearly 80 mm and then dropped back to about 40–50 mm as the typhoon left. Comparisons of GPS, radiosonde, the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis products and ERA5 reanalysis products at four matched GPS-RS stations show overall overestimations of PWV from radiosonde, GFS and ERA5 compared with GPS in a statistical perspective. An empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis of the PWV during the typhoon event revealed some different patterns of variability, with both the first EOF (~36.1% of variance) and second EOF (~30.3% of variance) showing distinctively large anomalies over the typhoon landing locations. The typhoon caused a large horizontal tropospheric gradient (HTG) with the magnitude reaching 5 mm and the direction pointing to the typhoon center when it made a landfall on mainland China. The magnitude and the consistency of the HTG direction decreased overall as the typhoon weakened.

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Evidence of stratosphere–troposphere exchange during severe cyclones: a case study over Bay of Bengal, India

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Ionospheric Perturbations Induced by a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS): A Case Study of Phailin VSCS

Ionospheric Perturbations Induced by a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS): A Case Study of Phailin VSCS

Estimation of Stratospheric Intrusions During Indian Cyclones

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Precipitable Water Vapor and Horizontal Tropospheric Gradients from GPS during Typhoon Lekima

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